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Ancient Egyptians DNA is Less Sub Saharan than modern Egyptian DNA.
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QUOTE][i]Khoisan hunter-gatherers have been the largest population throughout most of modern-human demographic history The Khoisan people from Southern Africa maintained ancient lifestyles as hunter-gatherers or pastoralists up to modern times, though little else is known about their early history. Here we infer early demographic histories of modern humans using whole-genome sequences of five Khoisan individuals and one Bantu speaker. [i]Comparison with a 420 K SNP data set from worldwide individuals demonstrates that two of the Khoisan genomes from the Ju/’hoansi population contain exclusive Khoisan ancestry. Coalescent analysis shows that the Khoisan and their ancestors have been the largest populations since their split with the non-Khoisan population ~100–150 kyr ago.[b] In contrast, the ancestors of the non-Khoisan groups, including Bantu-speakers and non-Africans, experienced population declines after the split and lost more than half of their genetic diversity. [/b]Paleoclimate records indicate that the precipitation in southern Africa increased ~80–100 kyr ago while west-central Africa became drier. We hypothesize that these climate differences might be related to the divergent-ancient histories among human populations. [...] Yet Khoisan populations have maintained the greatest nuclear-genetic diversity among all human populations3, 4, 5 and the most ancient Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA lineages6, 7, implying relatively larger effective population sizes for ancestral Khoisan populations.[/i] [/QUOTE][qb] http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/141204/ncomms6692/full/ncomms6692.html [/qb][/QUOTE]This study only reaffirms my point even more about loss of genetic diversity through time as well as not stereotyping Africans much less 'Sub-Saharans'. Here you have the Khoisan who [i]are[/i] a Sub-Saharan group yet their DNA profile is distinct from other more typical Sub-Saharan groups. By the way, this study seems to support Ehret and other linguists who hypothesize an overall linguo-genetic split of click-speakers from non click-speaking peoples that took place in Africa well before initial OOA. [/qb][/QUOTE]That is exactly why I post it. ;) [QUOTE] [b]Human genetic variation particularly in Africa is still poorly understood. [/b] This is despite a consensus on the large African effective population size compared to populations from other continents. Based on sequencing of the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2), and genome wide microsatellite data we observe evidence suggesting the effective size (Ne) of humans to be larger than the current estimates, with a foci of increased genetic diversity in east Africa, and a population size of east Africans being at least 2-6 fold larger than other populations. Both phylogenetic and network analysis indicate that east Africans possess more ancestral lineages in comparison to various continental populations placing them at the root of the human evolutionary tree. Our results also affirm east Africa as the likely spot from which migration towards Asia has taken place. The study reflects the spectacular level of sequence variation within east Africans in comparison to the global sample, and appeals for further studies that may contribute towards filling the existing gaps in the database. The implication of these data to current genomic research, as well as the need to carry out defined studies of human genetic variation that includes more African populations; particularly east Africans is paramount.[/QUOTE]--Jibril Hirbo, Sara Tishkoff et al. The Episode of Genetic Drift Defining the Migration of Humans out of Africa Is Derived from a Large East African Population Size PLoS One. 2014; 9(5): e97674. Published online 2014 May 20. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097674 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4028218/pdf/pone.0097674.pdf [/QB][/QUOTE]
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