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[QUOTE]Originally posted by .Charlie Bass.: [QB] Brace was intellectually dishonest from setting up strawmen and refuting them in his clines and clusters because he misquoted Diop and I have talked with Brace via personal communication and he does believe in climatically adapted people. In fact here is his response and my email to him in 2005: [b]Dear (name witheld), It was Charles G. Seligman who proposed that 'wandering Caucasoid' interpretation, and it is just as flawed as Diop's assertion that Egyptians were sub-Saharan Africans. The people of the Horn of Africa, such As the Somali, do not have much of sub-Saharan Africa in them, but there are East Africans that do. The Niger-Congo speaking Haya from Tanzania cluster very closely with the Congo from Gabon and the Dahomey from Benin. This supports the linguists suggestion that the Niger-Congo languages spread from West Africa towards the east. The Wadi Halfa Mesolithic people on the Nile just south of the Egyptian/Sudanese border at the end of the Pleistocene also tie with the Niger-Congo cluster, and there is a hint of that tie in the Egyptian Bronze Age (Naqada) but not in recent Egyptians. Nubians and Nubian Bronze show just a hint of a tie with the Niger-Congo cluster, but it is very faint. As I see it, the appearances of the Upper Nile Valley and Horn people has little if anything to do with admixtures and much the result of in situ circumstances. The elongation of the nose is clearly a climate-induced phenomenon and takes a long time to manifest itself. The same thing is true for the reduction in tooth size which markedly distinguishes those people form the Niger-Congo people. One has to suggest that Vavilov's identification of that as one of the early areas of crop domestication would have meant that food preparation techniques reducing the pressures for mastication had been operating there for a long time, and tooth size reduction in situ would be one of the expected consequences. Hope this helps, C. L. Brace[/b] --On Wednesday, August 31, 2005 8:58 AM -0700 <cr_rigaud@yahoo.com> wrote: > > Hello Dr. Brace, my name is Charles and I'm an anthropology > student. I have a question about the biological affinities of East > African populations, modern and prehistoric. I would like to know exactly > how do you classify these populations? I read some of your work in Ashley [b]> Montagu's "The Concept of Race" in a chapter titled "A Nonracial Approach > Towards the Understanding of Human Diversity." In it you stated: > > > p.135-136 > > "A quick glance at Figures 4a and 4b will show that the relatively > shortest noses occurs only in the tropics, and observation confirms the > fact that the nasal bridges of the peoples in question are low as well as > being short. At first it seems as though no consistent sense could be > made from such an observation since such people as the inhabitants of > East Africa right on the equator have appreciably longer, narrower, and > higher noses than people in the Congo at the same latitude. A former > generation of anthropologists used to explain this paradox by invoking an > invasion by an itinerant "white" population from the Mediterranean area, > although this solution raised more problems than it solved since the East > Africans in question include some of the blackest people in the world > with characteristically wooly hair and a body build unique among the > world's populations for its extreme linearity and height." > > And > > p.138 > > "The relatively long noses of East Africa become explicable then when one > realizes that much of the area is extremely dry for parts of the year." > > > > > > Dr Brace, I would like to know if this is still your position regarding > East African populations. By East African, I mean Horn of Africans, > Nilotes and populations of the Upper Nile Valley. Do you see these > populations as the product of a peculiar type of evolution to climate or > as a result of mixture with Caucasoids? You guidance is appreciated. > Thanks in advance. > > > > Best Regards, > > > > Charles [/b] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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