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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Cass/: [qb] Who remembers the poster Perahu? I found his blog. [b]The Elongated African fallacy[/b] https://landofpunt.wordpress.com/2015/09/21/the-elongated-african-fallacy/ I don't agree with everything he says, but glad to see he's knows the Gamble's Cave & Elmenteitan were re-dated to Iron Age: [QUOTE]Ambrose further confirms the above when he observes that the [b]chronological date proposed by R. Protsch for the cairn burials at Gamble’s Cave is grossly inaccurate[/b]. To this end, Ambrose notes that conventional charcoal dates for the older (and thus deeper) Phase 3 layer at the site range from 8,000 to 8,500 years before present. Protsch, however, had mistakenly suggested that the cairns — which were buried in a deposit above the Eburran’s final/most recent Phase 5A layer; Phase 5A was, in turn, situated around four meters above the Phase 3 layer — dated to a similar 8,020 ybp, give or take a few years. Thus, the [b]cairns are in fact chronologically more recent than even the last Eburran cultural phase, and by extension, so are the skeletons within them[/b].[/QUOTE]Thanks to Perahu, he also found another source- [QUOTE]Repeatedly in the literature the makers of the ‘Kenya Capsian’ are described as a ‘tall Caucasoid’ or ‘Afro-Mediterranean’ people, a deduction based on examination of burials which Leakey found while digging Gamble’s Cave. Whether this racial attribution is roughly correct or not is irrelevant here. For, as is plain in Leakey’s ‘diagrammatic section’ and notes of his excavation, these burials were placed in a layer well above that containing the true ‘Kenya Capsian’ materials with the fish-bones, harpoon and ‘dotted wavy-line’ potsherd. [b]The skeletons probably belong to a different population several thousand years later. There is therefore no direct evidence of the physical type of the makers of the ‘Kenya Capsian’.[/b][/QUOTE]- [URL=http://www.jstor.org/stable/180989]Sutton (1974)[/URL] So as I said, there are no narrow-nasal aperture crania in East Africa until as recent as the Iron Age c. 500 BCE. Afrocentrists are using the earlier erroneous dates (Leakey, 1935) to try to argue these "Caucasoid" traits evolved in situ in the Kenya & Horn of Africa from the Mesolithic-Neolithic. [/qb][/QUOTE] :rolleyes: [QUOTE] When comparing pre- and post-4500 BP metric variation within each population, the same results are observed. Interestingly, the metric variation shared between Khoesan post-2000 BP (excluding Region A specimens for reasons discussed above) and post-4500 BP Kenyan samples relates to Khoesan herders and Elmenteitan pastoralists (Bromhead’s site). Interpretation of these results should be cautious as sample sizes are very small (N=4) due to the scarcity of identified Khoesan herder individuals. The archaeology demonstrates very little material likeness between the two groups barring their mutual subsistence strategy. The Elmenteita populations do not share cultural, stone tool technology and raw material procurement, pottery traditions or settlement patterns (although there is evidence of the use of rock shelters) (Robertshaw 1988) with known herder or hunter-gatherer sites in South Africa during the LSA. […] The bulk of the Kenyan dental sample ( N=52 ) is Late Holocene (Table 4.2 for details). According to Rightmire (1984), pecimens from Bromhead’s site ( N=34 ) are associated with artefacts and pottery (Bower and Nelson 1978) from the Elmenteitan, a food-producing culture first identified by L.S.B. Leakey (1931), possibly dating to no older than ca. 2500 B.P. Other skeletons from Hyrax Hill, Makalia and Wiley’s Kopje, Naishi Rock Shelter and Molo ( N=18 ) are fragmentary but well preserved. The remaining Kenyan material is early-mid Holocene, with 19 specimens dated to between 10000 – 4000 B.P. These samples are from Lothagam and Koobi Fora, near Lake Turkana in the North. The dental preservation of this material is quite good, even though the teeth are heavily worn. This material is often collectively referred to as the ‘Galana boi specimens’ from the Galana boi Holocene formation, part of a series of raised Holocene sediments that surround modern Lake Turkana, principally deposited between 12 ka – 7 ka BP (F.H. Brown and Feibel 1986; Owen and Renaut 1986). Dental material dated to > 8000 B.P. is found in southern Kenya ( N=8 ) at some of the best-known and oldest of the Kenya Holocene sites. Gamble’s Cave II has remarkably well preserved (albeit incomplete) dental remains, while a single complete cranium with full maxillary dentition from the Naivasha Railway site, first described by Leakey (1942), adds to this early collection. For statistical analyses, these data were divided into temporal two groups; those specimens that are dated to (>) 4500 BP ( N=54 ) and specimens that fit into a 4-10ka timeframe ( N=27 ). [b]The PCA of upper molar diagonal cervical measurements (4 variables) from Kenyan and Khoesan datasets illustrating pre- and post-4500 BP temporal separations for both populations is shown in Fig. 5.55. Large individuals from Kenya such as KNM- LT 13702 and KNM-LT 27710 from Lothagam are situated towards the left, while the smaller Khoesan individuals (i.e. SAM-AP 4813) are on the right, suggesting PC1 is related to size. Again, a closer relationship between Kenyan pre-4500 BP and Khoesan pre-4500 BP samples is observed, while more recent Kenyan material are comparable to recent Khoesan size/shape. There is little overlap between Khoesan post-4500 BP and earlier Kenyan (pre-4500 BP) samples. Component loadings are illustrated in Fig. 5.56. Loadings for both PC1 and PC2 are all positive but vary substantially. RM2 MLDBCD PC2 loadings are weighted the highest (0.542), while RM1 MLDBCD PC2 (0.058), the lowest.[/b] [/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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