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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [QB] As I predicted we're still at the same place we were before those results in term of determining the origin and ethnic affiliations of Ancient Egyptians. If Ancient Egyptians are mostly Eurasians or mostly Africans, so be it but we must have more aDNA results. Especially from mummies with confirmed native status like Ramses III, Amenhotep III, King Tut, etc. Ramses III and Pentawere (his son) are E1b1a while all the 18th Dynasty royal mummies genotyped have shown us strong affiliations with modern African populations. Those were low density DNA but it's more than enough mathematically speaking. The probability of having 8 random str showing us African affiliations by mistake is very low and we're talking about quite a few mummies. Do you know any other culture in the world where they have a tradition of using headrests like Ancient Egyptians and other Africans? I've discussed many other studies (genetics, archaeology, history-ancient Egyptian writings, etc) and results ([URL=http://i1274.photobucket.com/albums/y421/amunratheultimate2/Misc2/Ancient%20DNA%20of%20Kushites%20from%20Genetic%20Patterns%20Hassan%20dissertation_zpsrxznegab.jpg]Kadruka[/URL] , [URL=http://www.pnas.org/content/111/7/2632.abstract]Pickrell[/URL], Pagani, Mota, etc) earlier here. We know they share a common history with Kushites during the Tasian, Badarian and Pastoral era (Nabta Playa, Kadruka, Cave of Swimmers/Best, etc). [QUOTE] From Cultural entanglement at the dawn of the Egyptian history: a View from the Nile First Cataract Region (2014) CONCLUSIONS The distinction between an Egyptian and a Nubian identity is something connected to the rise of the Naqada culture in the first half of the fourth millennium BCE. During the previous millennium such a distinction would have not made sense. As previously stated, the Tarifian, Badarian and Tasian cultures of Middle and Upper Egypt have strong ties with rhe Nubian/Nilotic pastoral tradition, as can be inferred, for instance, by the very similar pottery, economy and settlement pattern and by the latest findings in the deserts [edit:Cave of Swimmers, Cave of the Beast, Nabta Playa, etc] surrounding the Egyptian Nile valley (Gatto 2011b, 2012a, b, 2013). [/QUOTE][URL=http://i1274.photobucket.com/albums/y421/amunratheultimate2/Misc2/Ancient%20DNA%20of%20Kushites%20from%20Genetic%20Patterns%20Hassan%20dissertation_zpsrxznegab.jpg]Kadruka/Kushite Ancient DNA results[/URL] The Abusir mummies show us West Asian/Levant affiliations but Amenhotep III, Ramses III, King Tut, other 18th Dynasty mummies, Kadruka, Mota have shown us African affiliations. Even the old Paabo study said the same thing for the 12th dynasty mummies (it was before aDNA studies were mature and more common). The Ancient Egyptian culture itself is a southern transplant (Nabta Playa, Tasian, Badarian, etc) at the time Narmer unified the country. I would like to see high density analysis of the 18th Dynasty royal mummies, same for Ramses III and Pentawere. The technology is better now and it happens to be one of the most well known Dynasty. Same for the Middle Kingdom (which is before the Hyksos/Heka khasut/Aamu dynasties). IMO, those mummies will show admixtures with Aamu (as well as Libu, Kushite, Medjay) like any neighboring populations in the world but the African affiliations will be prevalent like the results we already have demontrated. I don't see the Ramses III, Pentawere and the 18th Dynasty royal mummies aDNA results to be a mistake or something. [QUOTE]"Especially from the second millennium BCE onwards, there were intense, historically- and archaeologically documented contacts, including the [b]large-scale immigration of Canaanite populations, known as the Hyksos, into Lower Egypt[/b] , whose origins lie in the Middle Bronze Age Levant5"" [/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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