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Lower Egyptian Levanite(?) influence dates 2,000 BC
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Oshun: [QB] The Palaeo-Biological Evidence for Admixture between Populations in the Southern Levant and Egypt in the Fourth to Third Millennia BCE Patricia Smith http://bioanthropology.huji.ac.il/pdf/13.pdf [QUOTE] Elliot Smith reported finding differences between Dynastic and Predynastic skeletal remains. However, his interpretation of these findings was formed by his reliance on concepts of 'racial' types prevalent at the time. More recent studies have, however, confirmed that there were significant phenotypic differences between Early Dynastic populations in Upper and Lower Egypt (Hillson 1978; Keita 1988, 1992, 1995, 1996). The timing and origin of these differences still needs to be determined. The most parsimonious explanation is that they reflect long-term differentiation between small groups operating in different environments within Egypt as postulated by Hassan (1998) and Debono and Mortensen (1990). Alternatively the differences may have resulted from the arrival of a distinct ethnic group, either in the Neolithic, associated with the introduction of domestic plants and animals by nomadic pastorialists-- or in a later period when inter-regional trade became important. [/QUOTE] [QUOTE] "For Upper Egypt and Nubia, there is good archeological and bio-anthropological evidence for population continuity from the Mesolithic to recent times. The diachronic changes reported for Nubians conform to those predicted for micro-evolutionary change in situ (Carlson and van Gerven 1977; Nielson 1970. Morphometric characteristics from all periods are significantly different to those of their near contemporaries in the Levant and North Africa (Hershkovitz 1981: Hershkovitz et al. 1987; P. Smith 1979, 1988). [/QUOTE] [QUOTE] Morant (1925) and Batrawi (1946) also found significant differences between Predynastic Upper Egyptians and, represented by Naqada and those from Lower Egypt, represented by Giza. Subsequent investigations using different sets of variables and more sophisticated statistical analysis, have confirmed that marked differences existed between Predynastic and Early Dynastic samples from the north and south of Egypt, and that these differences decreased in later period (Chichton 1966; Hillson 1978; Keita 1002, 1995, 1996). [/QUOTE] [QUOTE]... Keita (1992) found that distance between populations from Badari, Naqada and Abydos, as calculated from metrical parameters, correlated well with chronology rather than geographical distance. [/QUOTE] [QUOTE] The findings presented here indicate that the north-south differences reported for Predynastic and Early Dynastic populations in Egypt were not due to large-scale population movements out of the southern Levant in the Neolithic or Predynastic period. Rather, they appear to reflect the long-term effect of differentiation between small, localized groups of hunters and gatherers exploiting different ecological niches. Having said this, it must be emphasized that these results are constrained by the small sample sizes available for the sites discussed here, and the limited number of sites represented. [/QUOTE]posting this here to make a few points: There had been differentiation between northern and southern Egyptians in predynastic and early dynastic times. It seems researchers are not entirely sure if this is the result of differing genetic influences or different ecological structures (perhaps a combination of the two). But following predynastic and early dynastic times Upper Egypt gradually looked similar to Lower Egypt. We can imagine the two were either morphologically similar due to cultural similarities, diet and a more homogenized ecology that wasn't there at the start. it could also mean that the Delta's genetic influences began to mix with southern Egypt which would mean as time increased the northern parts of Egypt were more similar and would be more representative of southern Egypt. Also, they mention that some of the components we see trail into prehistoric times which means it was always there in lower Egypt. If we look at the Delta's population though, there wouldn't have needed to be a major population though with just 80,000 inhabitants (3,000 inhabitants in Faiyum) 1,000 years prior to state formation. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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