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Lower Egyptian Levanite(?) influence dates 2,000 BC
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] This study was created for folks in online forums to "defeat" those "Afrocentrics" who they have been debating for a long time. It was also made for the National Geographic and History Channels of the world. To sit here and think that these people REALLY want to get down to the bottom of the AE people and where they came from is absurd. But don't hold your breath for any other mummies to be sampled even as this paper claims better success of getting DNA from ancient mummies. This paper with all its flaws will be held up as "the standard" for a few more years as they drag this out as long as they want to. Everybody who is "in the know" should see this as a wink and a nod to certain camps online. But some folks just don't want to see that. And those who claim "objectivity" just don't want to see it. Case in point, many of those folks argue that Copts have always been Levantine or Near Eastern and representative of what most ancient Egyptians looked like.... So for them this is just the final proof they needed. Keep in mind how many mummies actually are sitting in various museums around the world and how many mummies were destroyed by archaeologists and so forth. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2877855/Cemetery-one-MILLION-mummies-unearthed-Egypt-1-500-year-old-desert-necropolis-largest-found.html http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/ancient-egypt-mummies-statues-luxor-discovery/ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/05/13/egypt-discovers-new-necropolis-17-mummies/ [QUOTE] How many human mummies were made in ancient Egypt? Some people estimate 70 million mummies, but I think that's an underestimate. Mummification was carried out in Egypt, as I mentioned, for over 3,000 years. I'm sure more human mummies were made during this time period. If you look at animal mummies, several hundred thousand mummies have been found even in one cemetery. Where have all the mummies gone? Where does the word "mummy" come from? It comes from the Persian and Arabic words "mum" and "mumya," which describe wax or bitumen. Bitumen is this black substance that comes from the Mumya mountain in Persia. When Arabs saw mummies for the first time, they assumed that the black goo that covered them was mumya or mum, and so they called them "mumya." And that word then passed into European languages. Were mummies actually made with bitumen? Occasionally, from about 1100 B.C. onward, they were made using bitumen from the Red Sea coast. But most mummies are not made using bitumen; they're made using resins and oils. However, unfortunately, bitumen was regarded as a medicine. And from the 12th century onwards, both in the Middle East and especially in Europe, mummies were ground up for the bitumen that they were supposedly made with and sold as medicine. There are a lot of Materia Medica books listing mummy as an important treatment for when you have problems with your joints, blood flow, and, indeed, longevity. Mummies were used as medicine? Medical recipes list "mummy" as an ingredient. It was even taken straight. King Francis I of France, in fact, took a pinch of mummy every day with rhubarb. And who says what's worse, rhubarb or mummy? He believed that it would make him stronger and invincible, and would stop assassins from killing him. Did this notion that mummies made good medicine lead to a lot of them being destroyed? Hundreds and thousands of mummies were destroyed for medicine. Others were burned as kindling or wood, because there aren't that many trees in Egypt. There are 19th-century accounts of travelers who say, "Oh, it's unseasonably cold and we've run out of wood, so we have to throw a mummy on the fire." Amazing. And the Victorians also had "unwrapping" parties, didn't they? Mummies were considered very Gothic. And in the Victorian era, when anything neo-Gothic was cool, unwrapping mummies became very stylish. So people would bring back or buy mummies from Egypt and have unwrapping parties. We have invitations saying, "Come to Lord Longsberry's at 2 p.m., Piccadilly, for the unwrapping of a mummy from Thebes. Champagne and canapés to follow." A lot of mummies were destroyed in that way.[/QUOTE] http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/afterlife-ancient-egypt.html They estimate over 70 million mummies were made in Egypt, yet folks think 151 mummies is enough to tell us anything... Right. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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