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Genome-wide ancestry of 17th-century enslaved Africans from the Caribbean
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Andromeda2025: in the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade especially in North America, Sahelian slaves where the dominant population, [/QUOTE]That is not true. [/qb][/QUOTE]Yes, it is true. [/qb][/QUOTE]in the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade or at any point, Sahelian slaves where not the dominant population [/qb][/QUOTE]The Trans Atlantic Slave trade started after Timbuktu was destroyed. [QUOTE] According to Zurara, Gonçalvez told his crew, “we have already got our cargo, but how fair a thing would it be if we, who have come to this land for a cargo of such petty merchandise, were to meet with good fortune and bring the first captives before the presence of our Prince?” That night, Gonçalvez led a raiding party into Cap Blanc, a narrow peninsula between Western Sahara and Mauritania, and kidnapped two Berbers, one man and one woman [/QUOTE] http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african_laborers_for_a_new_emp/pope_nicolas_v_and_the_portugu [/qb][/QUOTE]please stop wasting people's time with this from the same link: [QUOTE] With Portugal’s expansion into western Africa in the fifteenth century, Iberian merchants began to recognize the economic potential of a large-scale slave trafficking enterprise. One of the first to record this sentiment, according to Portuguese royal chronicler Gomes Eanes de Zurara, was a young ship captain named Antam Gonçalvez, who sailed to West Africa in 1441 hoping to acquire seal skins and oil. After obtaining his cargo, Gonçalvez called a meeting of the twenty-one sailors who accompanied him and unveiled his plan to increase their profits. According to Zurara, Gonçalvez told his crew, “we have already got our cargo, but how fair a thing would it be if we, who have come to this land for a cargo of such petty merchandise, were to meet with good fortune and bring the first captives before the presence of our Prince?” That night, Gonçalvez led a raiding party into Cap Blanc, a narrow peninsula between Western Sahara and Mauritania, and kidnapped two Berbers, one man and one woman. Another Portuguese mariner, Nuno Tristão, and members of his crew soon joined Gonçalvez. Although the raid resulted in less than a dozen captives, Zurara imagines in his account that prince Henry of Portugal responded to this enterprise with, “joy, not so much for the number of captives taken, but for prospect of other [countless] captives that could be taken.” While Gonçalvez’s voyage in 1441 is widely considered to mark the beginnings of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, it may also be viewed as an extension of an older tradition of raiding and ransom on both shores of the Mediterranean. Upon returning to Portugal, Gonçalvez treated his captives in accordance with this custom, and allowed them to negotiate the terms of their release. Rather than offering a ransom of money, the captives promised to give Gonçalvez ten slaves in exchange for their own freedom and safe passage home. According to royal chronicler Zurara, the Berbers explained that these new captives would be “black [and] not of the lineage of Moors, but Gentiles.” Thus in 1442, Gonçalvez returned his Berber captives to Western Sahara, receiving as payment ten enslaved sub-Saharan Africans, whom he then transported back to Portugal for re-sale. [/QUOTE]Does this mean in the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade especially in North America, Sahelian slaves where the dominant population? No, it does not mean in the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade especially in North America, Sahelian slaves where the dominant population Sahelian slaves were not the dominant population in the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade and this account of two berbers being captured and then returned in exchanged for "sub Saharans" didn't even involve America Your post is wasting people's time, go dig for some more info about who were the early slaves into North America. Once you find it you won't post it because you are more interested in proving me wrong than addressing the issue To say in the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade especially in North America, Sahelian slaves where the dominant population is misleading people about black history and now you are just adding to it [/qb][/QUOTE]It is you who is waisting peoples time here, posting GARBAGE. This topic is not about North America, clown. It is your eurocentric GARBAGE which is trying to alter Africas history. The people have been deported to these slave coasts. That is what happened. [QUOTE] [IMG]http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0029687.g001&representation=PNG_M[/IMG] [IMG]http://i63.tinypic.com/ay0ff5.jpg[/IMG] [i]The early African experience in the Americas is marked by the transatlantic slave trade from ∼1619 to 1850 and the rise of the plantation system. The origins of enslaved Africans were largely dependent on European preferences as well as the availability of potential laborers within Africa. Rice production was a key industry of many colonial South Carolina low country plantations. Accordingly, rice plantations owners within South Carolina often requested enslaved Africans from the so-called “Grain Coast” of western Africa (Senegal to Sierra Leone). [/i] [b]Studies on the African origins of the enslaved within other regions of the Americas have been limited.[/b] [/QUOTE]—Jada Benn Torres1#, Menahem B. Doura2#, Shomarka O. Y. Keita3, Rick A. Kittles4 Y Chromosome Lineages in Men of West African Descent [QUOTE] The oldest of the three empires, ancient Ghana at its height ruled territory comprising what we would now call Ghana, Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea and Mali, located between two great rivers: the Senegal and the Niger. Timbuktu was founded during the dominance of the Ghana empire, in around AD 1100, by Sanhaja desert nomads, who had a tradition of camping near the Niger in the dry season and taking their animals inland to graze during the rainy season. There are several explanations for the origin of the name of the famous city. One account suggests that, while the nomads were away, their belongings were entrusted to their slaves, one of whom was called Buktu. The campsite thus became known as 'Tim Buktu', meaning 'well of Buktu'. What began as a semi-permanent nomadic settlement evolved into town and, ultimately, into a city that, between 1100 and 1300, was a thriving economic centre. Located at a hub of commercial exchange between Saharan Africa, tropical Africa and Mediterranean Africa, Timbuktu was a magnet that attracted both men of learning and men of commerce. It benefited from the gold trade coming from the southern reaches of West Africa – in the 14th century, approximately two thirds of the world's gold came from West Africa – as well as from the salt trade arriving via the Sahara. [/QUOTE] http://www.understandingslavery.com/index.php-option=com_content&view=article&id=378&Itemid=233.html [/QB][/QUOTE]
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