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Ancient Tanzanian Pastoralist results... VERY interesting stuff!
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Swenet: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by capra: [QUOTE]Originally posted by Swenet: BTW, this is also why I'm very sceptical of claims that the non-SSA ancestry in Africa (e.g. Luxmanda) is actually PPN. It's anachronistic as it does not fit the aforementioned trend of homogenization. Luxmanda's so-called PPN could easily be something EEF-related + various components of which some are African, because that is exactly what PPN is also.[/QUOTE]I haven't seen any stats with Natufians for the ancient East Africans, but apparently Maasai and Somalis are equidistant between PPNB and Natufians. There's no Natufian in the qpAdm population set, so maybe something more toward Natufian than PPNB would fit. I'd like to see that stats for them and ancient Egyptians, and of course for IAM when the genomes are released. [b]The biggest outlier for Luxmanda is with South_Africa_2000BP though, possibly meaning Mota is too southern on the East-South Africa cline as a reference; maybe Luxmanda has a bunch of ancestral East African ancestry from further north?[/b][/QUOTE]Glad to see someone question this confusing part of the paper. The way I see it, Mota has a unique population history, distinct from any known SSA population. According to Llorente et al, Mota shares more drift with modern Maghrebis than with their Central African and southern African populations. Mota also shares more drift with highly admixed Ethio-Semitic speakers than with most Sub-Saharan Africans. AFAIK, no known SSA genome has such affinities, while simultaneously showing a lack of detectable Eurasian ancestry. So I'm surprised various authors don't question their data when it comes back saying that the SSA ancestry in Hadza, Luxmanda etc. is 100% derived from Mota. At best Mota is a provisional placeholder for their SSA-like ancestry, until better samples are found. This opens up the possibility that some of Luxmanda's SSA ancestry has, as you suggest, a more northern origin. We can't say for sure, because the analyses describing her ancestry so far are not very sophisticated. But I would be surprised if this part of her ancestry derives as far north as the Lower Nile Valley. [QUOTE]Originally posted by capra: From what I understand PPNB didn't really expand into Egypt, there's some influence - livestock obviously, Helwan-type points, but doesn't look like a wholesale migration really? But I may have picked that up from some unreliable source, like Afrocentrists. ;) [/QUOTE]If (rock) art is anything to go by, there is a gradual lightening of the pigment used to paint skin in North African art. Skin pigmentation in pre-Neolithic times was darker, while Neolithic and predynastic skin pigmentation was lighter on average (e.g. [URL=https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-68a7596269cd667d51b5d654a7e39920-c]an extreme example of lighter pigmentation used during the Neolithic[/URL] and [URL=http://www.marine-antique.net/local/cache-vignettes/L859xH600/painted-linen-from-Gebelein-02-75ddb.jpg]an example from the predynastic[/URL]). In dynastic times it was more variable, including all of the above pigmentaton levels and even lighter forms of reddish not seen in earlier periods. So, we have a range of brown in the early Holocene, and progressively [URL=https://c1.staticflickr.com/1/39/82994495_04d401177f_b.jpg]more reddish shades[/URL] in mid-Holocene times, until we get to the distinctly ochre red pigments used in some later dynastic art. Some Afroasiatic speakers still place themselves and their neighbours on a black-red spectrum, so it's tempting to see the gradual use of more reddish pigments as really reflecting an awareness of skin pigmentation in different time periods. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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