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Data from a 40,000-year-old man in China reveals complicated genetic history of Asia
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Archeopteryx: [QB] More about the earliest Europeans and their relatives In a cave in Bulgaria human remains have been DNA sequenced. Their DNA links them to East Asia and even America [QUOTE] An international research team has sequenced the genomes of the oldest securely dated modern humans in Europe who lived around 45,000 years ago in Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria. By comparing their genomes to the genomes of people who lived later in Europe and in Asia the researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, show that this early human group in Europe contributed genes to later people, particularly present-day East Asians. The researchers also identified large stretches of Neandertal DNA in the genomes of the Bacho Kiro Cave people, showing that they had Neandertal ancestors about five to seven generations back in their family histories. This suggests that mixture with Neandertals was the rule rather than the exception when the first modern humans arrived in Europe. [/QUOTE] [QUOTE] It was previously thought that bearers of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic died out without contributing genetically to modern humans arriving later. However, the researchers now show that the oldest Bacho Kiro Cave individuals, or groups closely related to them, contributed genes to present-day people. Surprisingly, this contribution is found particularly in East Asia and the Americas rather than in Europe where the Bacho Kiro Cave people lived. These genetic links to Asia mirror the links seen between the Initial Upper Palaeolithic stone tools and personal ornaments found in Bacho Kiro Cave and tools and ancient jewelry found across Eurasia to Mongolia. [/QUOTE][b]Genomes of the earliest Europeans Ancient genomes shed new light on the earliest Europeans and their relationships with Neandertals[/b] Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. 2021 https://www.mpg.de/16663512/genomes-earliest-europeans [QUOTE] Abstract Modern humans appeared in Europe by at least 45,000 years ago, but the extent of their interactions with Neanderthals, who disappeared by about 40,000 years ago, and their relationship to the broader expansion of modern humans outside Africa are poorly understood. Here we present genome-wide data from three individuals dated to between 45,930 and 42,580 years ago from Bacho Kiro Cave, Bulgaria. They are the earliest Late Pleistocene modern humans known to have been recovered in Europe so far, and were found in association with an Initial Upper Palaeolithic artefact assemblage. Unlike two previously studied individuals of similar ages from Romania and Siberia who did not contribute detectably to later populations, these individuals are more closely related to present-day and ancient populations in East Asia and the Americas than to later west Eurasian populations. This indicates that they belonged to a modern human migration into Europe that was not previously known from the genetic record, and provides evidence that there was at least some continuity between the earliest modern humans in Europe and later people in Eurasia. Moreover, we find that all three individuals had Neanderthal ancestors a few generations back in their family history, confirming that the first European modern humans mixed with Neanderthals and suggesting that such mixing could have been common. [/QUOTE][b]Initial Upper Palaeolithic humans in Europe had recent Neanderthal ancestry[/b] [i]Nature[/i] 2021 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03335-3 The oldest European Homo sapiens, can be the one whose remains are found in Grotte Mandrin, in Southern France. [QUOTE] Our direct ancestors, Homo sapiens, may have ventured into Neanderthal territory in Europe much earlier than previously thought, according to an archaeological study published this week. Researchers also believe that Neanderthals and Homo sapiens may have alternately shared territory in southeastern France. - The latest research, by a team of archaeologists and palaeoanthropologists led by Ludovic Slimak of Toulouse University, pushes the arrival time of Homo sapiens in western Europe to around 54,000 years ago.[/QUOTE][URL=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20220213-french-cave-fossilised-molar-evidence-europe-s-first-homo-sapiens-54-000-years-ago-mandrin-grotto]French cave findings suggest Europe’s first Homo sapiens arrived earlier than thought[/URL] [IMG]https://i.ibb.co/rvGwDJt/Tooth-Mandrin.jpg[/IMG] Tooth from the Mandrin cave assessed to be from modern Homo sapiens [QUOTE] We determined that layer E, which contains the modern human fossil, dates to 56.8 ka to 51.7 ka cal. B.P. (95.4% prob.; see Materials and Methods; figs. S15 to S20 and tables S1 to S10), suggesting that this individual is substantially earlier than any previously documented modern human remains or potential transitional archeological assemblages in Europe, and penecontemporaneous with, if not older than, the Manot 1 calvaria from Israel (6). [/QUOTE]Slimak, S et al, 2022: [b]Modern human incursion into Neanderthal territories 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France[/b] [i]Science Advances[/i] Vol 8, No 6 [URL=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj9496]Link to article[/URL] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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