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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [QB] To everyone else in this forum with intelligence or at least some knowledge in genetics what are we to make of these?: [IMG]https://www.somalispot.com/attachments/img_3456-jpeg.294728/[/IMG] [IMG]https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-f754403c684e91818c167d421393af3f[/IMG] Note that other than the Yemeni Mahra, you have Bedouin B which was discussed [URL=https://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=013109]before[/URL]. [b][URL=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.03.281261v1.full]Bioarchaeological analysis of one of the earliest Islamic burials in the Levant-Megha Srigyan[/URL][/b] (2020) [i] No cultural artifacts were associated with the human remains, however, their archaeological context revealed that [b]these were primary burials with the bodies placed in decubitus position, inside pits that were intrusive in the Neolithic levels[/b] (Fig. 1b). Interestingly, while the two burials were located very close to each other, no evidence of a Late Antiquity cemetery was documented at the site. Genomic analysis of the individuals: all four methods confirmed low levels of contamination. Two biological sex inference methods26,27 identified syr005 to be a male and syr013 a female. Individuals syr005 and syr013 were determined to carry mitochondrial haplogroups J2a2a1a1 and R0a2, respectively. Both haplogroups are common in the Arabian Peninsula, Near East and parts of Africa28,29 in concordance with the broad geographical location of the samples. In addition, the Y chromosome of syr005 was determined as haplogroup J, which is the most common haplogroup across the Middle East30 (Supplementary Table S2). In order to explore general patterns of genetic affinity to modern populations, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed projecting the two newly sequenced Syrian individuals on a broad set of modern Middle Eastern, European and North African groups (Fig.2a). The two Late Antiquity Syrian individuals fell close to Saudi, Turkish and Middle Eastern genomic variation and to some Jewish populations but do not show close genetic affinities to the geographically close Lebanese samples from12. Further, to obtain a better understanding of the regional variation, a second PCA was conducted, limited to 37 groups from the Middle East, Arabian Peninsula and Caucasus. Here, the Syrian samples fell close to Yemenite Jews, Saudi and Bedouins genomic variation (Fig. 2b). Notably, within these genotyped Bedouins, there are two sub-groups, both sampled in the Negev in Israel: Bedouin A and Bedouin B2 that were observed to have distinct distributions in the PCA: while Bedouin A seem to be more widely dispersed and overlap with other groups from surrounding regions, [b]Bedouin B (with the exception of one individual) form a small cluster separate from all other groups in the region.[/b] From these two sub-groups, individuals syr005 and syr013 fall between the two Bedouin groups, and [b]show a clear genetic differentiation from relevant modern-day Levantine populations (i.e. Druze, Palestinian, Jordanian and Lebanese).[/b] Further, to gain insight into the genetic composition of ancient and modern populations, an unsupervised ADMIXTURE analysis was performed. ADMIXTURE was first run with a larger set of individuals (1073 individuals) from Europe and the Middle East (73 populations). For K = 2, 3 and 5, all iterations with different random seeds converged to consistent results (Supplementary Fig. S2). Therefore, we consider K=5 as a compromise between resolution and robustness of results. At K = 2, mostly north Europeans are differentiated from south Europeans, Middle Easterners and Arabian Peninsula groups. At K = 3, a new component emerged in Caucasian and Middle Eastern groups. At K = 4, another component appeared in south Europeans and Middle Eastern groups. At K = 5, a component exclusive to Middle Eastern and Arabian Peninsula groups appears (Fig. 3). [b]This new component was seen at high proportions in Bedouins, Saudi, Yemenite Jews and our Syrian samples. Interestingly, within the Bedouins, Bedouin B was composed almost entirely of this new component. The separate cluster of Bedouin B could be the result of genetic drift, although its presence in other populations from the Arabian Peninsula suggests some degree of separate ancestry among these groups.[/b] The Late Antiquity Syrian individuals showed similar genetic composition to Bedouin B and some Saudi individuals.[/i] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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