Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago.
January 2018
Vicente M Cabrera, View ORCID ProfileJulia Patricia Marrero Rodriguez, View ORCID ProfileKhaled K Abu-Amero, Jose M Larruga doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233502
Abstract
Background: After three decades of mtDNA studies on human evolution the only incontrovertible main result is the African origin of all extant modern humans. In addition, a southern coastal route has been relentlessly imposed to explain the Eurasian colonization of these African pioneers. Based on the age of macrohaplogroup L3, from which all maternal Eurasian and the majority of African lineages originated, that out-of-Africa event has been dated around 60-70 kya. On the opposite side, we have proposed a northern route through Central Asia across the Levant for that expansion. Consistent with the fossil record, we have dated it around 125 kya. To help bridge differences between the molecular and fossil record ages, in this article we assess the possibility that mtDNA macrohaplogroup L3 matured in Eurasia and returned to Africa as basic L3 lineages around 70 kya. Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African L3 lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. A Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y-chromosome haplogroup E. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are positively correlated. This correlation is not fully explained by geographic or ethnic affinities. It seems better to be the result of a joint and global replacement of the old autochthonous male and female African lineages by the new Eurasian incomers. Conclusions: These results are congruent with a model proposing an out-of-Africa of early anatomically modern humans around 125 kya. A return to Africa of Eurasian fully modern humans around 70 kya, and a second Eurasian global expansion by 60 kya. Climatic conditions and the presence of Neanderthals played key roles in these human movements.
Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African L3 lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The 29 oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. 31 The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. A Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y- 34 chromosome haplogroup E. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are positively correlated. This correlation is not fully explained by geographic or ethnic affinities. It seems better to be the result of a joint and global replacement of the old autochthonous male and female African lineages by the new Eurasian incomers.
________________________________________
Mitochondrial Haplogroups Associated with Elite Kenyan Athlete Status 2009
ROBERT A. SCOTT1,2, NORIYUKI FUKU3, VINCENT O. ONYWERA1,4, MIKE BOIT1,4, RICHARD H. WILSON1,2, MASASHI TANAKA3, WILLIAM H. GOODWIN1,5, and YANNIS P. PITSILADIS1,2
Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago.
January 2018
Vicente M Cabrera, View ORCID ProfileJulia Patricia Marrero Rodriguez, View ORCID ProfileKhaled K Abu-Amero, Jose M Larruga doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233502
Abstract
Background: After three decades of mtDNA studies on human evolution the only incontrovertible main result is the African origin of all extant modern humans. In addition, a southern coastal route has been relentlessly imposed to explain the Eurasian colonization of these African pioneers. Based on the age of macrohaplogroup L3, from which all maternal Eurasian and the majority of African lineages originated, that out-of-Africa event has been dated around 60-70 kya. On the opposite side, we have proposed a northern route through Central Asia across the Levant for that expansion. Consistent with the fossil record, we have dated it around 125 kya. To help bridge differences between the molecular and fossil record ages, in this article we assess the possibility that mtDNA macrohaplogroup L3 matured in Eurasia and returned to Africa as basic L3 lineages around 70 kya. Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African L3 lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. A Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y-chromosome haplogroup E. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are positively correlated. This correlation is not fully explained by geographic or ethnic affinities. It seems better to be the result of a joint and global replacement of the old autochthonous male and female African lineages by the new Eurasian incomers. Conclusions: These results are congruent with a model proposing an out-of-Africa of early anatomically modern humans around 125 kya. A return to Africa of Eurasian fully modern humans around 70 kya, and a second Eurasian global expansion by 60 kya. Climatic conditions and the presence of Neanderthals played key roles in these human movements.
Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African L3 lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The 29 oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. 31 The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. A Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y- 34 chromosome haplogroup E. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are positively correlated. This correlation is not fully explained by geographic or ethnic affinities. It seems better to be the result of a joint and global replacement of the old autochthonous male and female African lineages by the new Eurasian incomers.
________________________________________
Mitochondrial Haplogroups Associated with Elite Kenyan Athlete Status 2009
ROBERT A. SCOTT1,2, NORIYUKI FUKU3, VINCENT O. ONYWERA1,4, MIKE BOIT1,4, RICHARD H. WILSON1,2, MASASHI TANAKA3, WILLIAM H. GOODWIN1,5, and YANNIS P. PITSILADIS1,2
So that makes all Africans Asians/ Asiatic. Asiatic Blacks. It's true after all.
the lioness, Member # 17353
posted
quote:Originally posted by Ish Gebor: So that makes all Africans Asians/ Asiatic. Asiatic Blacks. It's true after all.
yes, if the theory is correct these white scientists have proven the "Asiatic Black Man"
alert Wesley Muhammad
Ish Gebor Member # 18264
posted
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: That articles says these Kenyans were most L3 and other L clades
There is very little mtDNA known for ancient Egyptian mummies except at Abusir El-Meleq
We see #62 JK2955 is of haplogroup L linage
(B.C. 291-260)
Interestingly for all the discussion on Abusir El-Meleq in the thread Ancient Mummy Genomes no one ever mentioned this mummy by number
From Genetic Patterns of Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Variation, with Implications to the Peopling of the Sudan. Hassan (2009)
—Amun-Ra The Ultimate
the lioness, Member # 17353
posted
^ do you have some kind of point to make?
Ish Gebor Member # 18264
posted
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: ^ do you have some kind of point to make?
Yes, I sure do. There was no Egypt back then. But there was was Nile Valley culture.
Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago. 2018
Vicente M Cabrera, View ORCID ProfileJulia Patricia Marrero Rodriguez, View ORCID ProfileKhaled K Abu-Amero, Jose M Larruga doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233502
_______________________________________
This is a radically different theory than the standard OOA related theories and analysis of L3 I would say it's highly speculative at this point. [/qb]
.
quote:Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
What is radically different is that? If L3 was in Africa 70.000 years ago due to back migration, and is younger than L1, L2 while L3 which mostly comprises with “sub Sahara” Africans from the Sahel, Steppe and Sahara region. It can only mean that they migrated back from Asia carrying all these so called Eurasian genetic mutations along with them.
This paper confirmed the history of the Asiatic black man.
yes, it is possible science has finally proven Elijah Muhammad to have been right
The Asiatic Black Man is in the building
Ish Gebor Member # 18264
posted
The lioness,
It is said that these people worked with high masonry magic. And it alleged was also confirmed by a white former high-mason who came out stating that everything Elijah Muhammad has said was true.
You can find this in books.
ELIMU Member # 21677
posted
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: That articles says these Kenyans were most L3 and other L clades
There is very little mtDNA known for ancient Egyptian mummies except at Abusir El-Meleq
We see #62 JK2955 is of haplogroup L linage
(B.C. 291-260)
Interestingly for all the discussion on Abusir El-Meleq in the thread Ancient Mummy Genomes no one ever mentioned this mummy by number
ELIMU Member # 21677
posted
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: That articles says these Kenyans were most L3 and other L clades
There is very little mtDNA known for ancient Egyptian mummies except at Abusir El-Meleq
We see #62 JK2955 is of haplogroup L linage
(B.C. 291-260)
Interestingly for all the discussion on Abusir El-Meleq in the thread Ancient Mummy Genomes no one ever mentioned this mummy by number
Ish Gebor Member # 18264
posted
By the logic above, Kenyans are Back migrationists.
capra Member # 22737
posted
to respond to the original question, that particular study is too low resolution for useful comparisons really.
there is a more detailed study from nearby Uganda, "Mosaic maternal ancestry in the Great Lakes region of East Africa", with 409 people of various ethnic groups mainly Nilotic. L3(xM, N) was 33%, whether any of the L3s resemble JK2955's sequence i couldn't say. MN was 2%. these were M1a1 (the most common), M1a5, N1a1a, R0a1a, HV1b1, J1d1a, and T1a.
- T1a was the most common Abusir hg (14%, almost half of it T1a7). - M1a1 was 5%, with M1a1i appearing in the earliest period. no M1a5, but 1 M1a2a. - 1 N1a1a2. - R0a was 8%, 2 of them R0a1a. - HV1 was 7%, with 1 HV1b2, but no HV1b1. - 1 J1d.
how closely are these related? would need a larger set of samples with full sequences to really say. but looking at TMRCA estimates from Behar et al (these have huge error bars not meant to be precise figures): M1a1 ~13 000 years (M1a ~19 000 years), N1a1a ~14 000 years, R0a1a ~13 000 years, HV1b ~15 000 years (HV1 ~17 000 years), J1d ~17 000 years, T1a ~15 000 years.
individually any of these could be way off, taken together i would say they are *probably* in the right ballpark (give or take some thousands of years).
so all of the 2% MN of the Ugandan sample descends from a set of common maternal ancestors shared with 32% of the Abusir sample who probably lived around 13-20 000 years ago. keeping in mind that more detailed sequences might find they are actually closer than this, and that the TMRCA doesn't tell us when the ancestral populations actually separated, only an earliest possible date.
capra Member # 22737
posted
a much higher proportion of MN is found in the Horn of Africa, making up almost half of Kisvild's sample of Ethiopians (n=243).
most of it is low resolution but looking at the haplotype network we can see (if i'm getting them right): - 9% M1a1 - Abusir 6% - 10% other M1(a), including 5 M1a2b (?) and 11 M1a5 (?) - Abusir 1 M1a2a - 11% R0a, including 4 R0a1a (?) and 8 R0a2b (?) - Absusir 3 R0a2, 2 R0a1a - 4% N1, namely 6 N1a1a(xN1a1a1) and 4 I (?) - Abusir 4 I, 1 N1a1a1 - 3% T, with 1 T1 and 5 T2c (?) - Abusir 2 T2c1 - 3% U6a of some kind - Abusir 1 U6a, 1 U6a2, 1 U6a3 - 2% K1 (?) - Abusir 1 K1a, 1 K1a4 - 2% other U - Abusir 13% other U but little to no overlap - 2% HV1, namely 4 HV1d and 1 HV1b1 - 1% H of some kind - Abusir 4 Hs - 1% W (not W6) - Abusir W3a1, W6, W8 - 1% X1 (?) - Abusir 1 X1, 1 X1c - 1% J1d1a - 1% J2a2, 1 J2a2 and 1 J2a2c - Abusir 7% J2a2, half of it J2a2c
so we can see many similarities with Abusir again, though the proportion of M1a and R0a in Ethiopia is much greater and of J, T, and U much smaller than in Abusir.
Natufians had 2/6 J2a2, 1 R0a, 1 V, 1 H, 1 N1b Levant Neolithic had 6/13 T1a, 3 K1a, 1 R0a, 1 R0a2, 1 I, 1 U8b. Moroccan Early Neolithic had 4/5 U6a, 1 M1b.
M1a hasn't shown up outside North Africa at all before the present, nor has U6a AFAIK. only 1 X1, from Early Neolithic Spain.
of other haplogroups N1a1a and K1a were very common in the Early Neolithic of Anatolia and Europe. T2c and J1d show up in Early Neolithic Iran; T1a and T2c are fairly common in Neolithic Europe. on the other hand R0a and J2a2 don't show up in Europe until the Copper Age AFAIK.
beyoku Member # 14524
posted
^ there is a newer study on Ethiopian mtdna that has a bit higher resolution i think. And M/N are actually quite low. I dont have the time to get it now but search on google scholar.
EDIT - M/N were not low.
xyyman Member # 13597
posted
Great info and comparision. Now look at the brown component in Abusir and Horners...bingo
quote:Originally posted by capra: a much higher proportion of MN is found in the Horn of Africa, making up almost half of Kisvild's sample of Ethiopians (n=243).
most of it is low resolution but looking at the haplotype network we can see (if i'm getting them right): - 9% M1a1 - Abusir 6% - 10% other M1(a), including 5 M1a2b (?) and 11 M1a5 (?) - Abusir 1 M1a2a - 11% R0a, including 4 R0a1a (?) and 8 R0a2b (?) - Absusir 3 R0a2, 2 R0a1a - 4% N1, namely 6 N1a1a(xN1a1a1) and 4 I (?) - Abusir 4 I, 1 N1a1a1 - 3% T, with 1 T1 and 5 T2c (?) - Abusir 2 T2c1 - 3% U6a of some kind - Abusir 1 U6a, 1 U6a2, 1 U6a3 - 2% K1 (?) - Abusir 1 K1a, 1 K1a4 - 2% other U - Abusir 13% other U but little to no overlap - 2% HV1, namely 4 HV1d and 1 HV1b1 - 1% H of some kind - Abusir 4 Hs - 1% W (not W6) - Abusir W3a1, W6, W8 - 1% X1 (?) - Abusir 1 X1, 1 X1c - 1% J1d1a - 1% J2a2, 1 J2a2 and 1 J2a2c - Abusir 7% J2a2, half of it J2a2c
so we can see many similarities with Abusir again, though the proportion of M1a and R0a in Ethiopia is much greater and of J, T, and U much smaller than in Abusir.
Natufians had 2/6 J2a2, 1 R0a, 1 V, 1 H, 1 N1b Levant Neolithic had 6/13 T1a, 3 K1a, 1 R0a, 1 R0a2, 1 I, 1 U8b. Moroccan Early Neolithic had 4/5 U6a, 1 M1b.
M1a hasn't shown up outside North Africa at all before the present, nor has U6a AFAIK. only 1 X1, from Early Neolithic Spain.
of other haplogroups N1a1a and K1a were very common in the Early Neolithic of Anatolia and Europe. T2c and J1d show up in Early Neolithic Iran; T1a and T2c are fairly common in Neolithic Europe. on the other hand R0a and J2a2 don't show up in Europe until the Copper Age AFAIK.
capra Member # 22737
posted
@beyoku
found "Linking between genetic structure and geographical distance: Study of the maternal gene pool in the Ethiopian population" from 2016 with Amhara and Oromo. is that the one? thanks, i never saw it before.
@xyyman
bingo. Great Lakes Africans migrated down to Egypt, and then aliens with DNA scanners came and kidnapped only the women with L leaving the 2% with MN to repopulate the country. you figured it out that's what we were hiding the whole time the ancient aliens. their artifacts are on the ocean floor so we have to cover up the land bridges too.
Evergreen Member # 12192
posted
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Ish Gebor: So that makes all Africans Asians/ Asiatic. Asiatic Blacks. It's true after all.
yes, if the theory is correct these white scientists have proven the "Asiatic Black Man"
alert Wesley Muhammad
You mean to tell me that the geographic boundaries diving Africa and SW Asia are meaningless when it comes to late Upper Paleolithic DNA? (Sarcasm )
The reality is that genes which may be deemed "SW Asian" may actually have derived in Africa or flowed between both Africa and SW Asia during the late UP. Cranial remains and limb ratios for this corridor during the late UP are coextensive with Africans.
the lioness, Member # 17353
posted
"may actually"
"could be"
"it's possible that"
"it might be the case that"
"one day reveal to be"
Ish Gebor Member # 18264
posted
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: "may actually"
"could be"
"it's possible that"
"it might be the case that"
"one day reveal to be"
No offence, but this was the funniest post you’ve ever made. And I happen to agree.
Evergreen Member # 12192
posted
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: "may actually"
"could be"
"it's possible that"
"it might be the case that"
"one day reveal to be"
hmmmm...
Bar-Yosef, Ofer. 2013. Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review.
In Neolithisation of Northeastern Africa, ed. Noriyuki Shirai. Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 16: 237-247
Early terrestrial migrations or slow movements between Egypt and the Levant have been recognized through the search for archaeological records from both regions. The evidence that Sinai, through its southern and northern sub-regions, served as two-way routes for human movements dating to the Upper Paleolithic, Epi-Paleolithic and Neolithic periods is found in still fragmentary archaeological records.
xyyman Member # 13597
posted
ditto
quote:Originally posted by Ish Gebor:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: "may actually"
"could be"
"it's possible that"
"it might be the case that"
"one day reveal to be"
No offence, but this was the funniest post you’ve ever made. And I happen to agree.
Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago.
January 2018
Vicente M Cabrera, View ORCID ProfileJulia Patricia Marrero Rodriguez, View ORCID ProfileKhaled K Abu-Amero, Jose M Larruga doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/233502
Abstract
Background: After three decades of mtDNA studies on human evolution the only incontrovertible main result is the African origin of all extant modern humans. In addition, a southern coastal route has been relentlessly imposed to explain the Eurasian colonization of these African pioneers. Based on the age of macrohaplogroup L3, from which all maternal Eurasian and the majority of African lineages originated, that out-of-Africa event has been dated around 60-70 kya. On the opposite side, we have proposed a northern route through Central Asia across the Levant for that expansion. Consistent with the fossil record, we have dated it around 125 kya. To help bridge differences between the molecular and fossil record ages, in this article we assess the possibility that mtDNA macrohaplogroup L3 matured in Eurasia and returned to Africa as basic L3 lineages around 70 kya. Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African L3 lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. A Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y-chromosome haplogroup E. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are positively correlated. This correlation is not fully explained by geographic or ethnic affinities. It seems better to be the result of a joint and global replacement of the old autochthonous male and female African lineages by the new Eurasian incomers. Conclusions: These results are congruent with a model proposing an out-of-Africa of early anatomically modern humans around 125 kya. A return to Africa of Eurasian fully modern humans around 70 kya, and a second Eurasian global expansion by 60 kya. Climatic conditions and the presence of Neanderthals played key roles in these human movements.
Results: The coalescence ages of all Eurasian (M,N) and African L3 lineages, both around 71 kya, are not significantly different. The 29 oldest M and N Eurasian clades are found in southeastern Asia instead near of Africa as expected by the southern route hypothesis. 31 The split of the Y-chromosome composite DE haplogroup is very similar to the age of mtDNA L3. A Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y- 34 chromosome haplogroup E. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are positively correlated. This correlation is not fully explained by geographic or ethnic affinities. It seems better to be the result of a joint and global replacement of the old autochthonous male and female African lineages by the new Eurasian incomers.
Well, if it's true people are going to need to reevaluate what's "true African" meaning that all those U, M, R and N haplogroups in Egypt can also be considered "African." if L3 haplogroups are allowed to be African despite coming from Eurasia, why not other haplogroups that have also been in Africa for many thousands of years? How come one back migration is discarded and it's inhabitants are allowed to be "Africans" but not the others?
posted 
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you don’t posses the intelligentsia to analyze data and critically evaluate data.