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First modern Britons had 'dark to black' skin
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] It is obvious now that the 67% of Britons who carry R1, carry the genes becauser of their Black ancestors Now we can see why the ancient Europeans were carrying V88. They carried the haplogroup because they were Blacks from Africa. Toomas Kivisild1 (2017).The study of human Y chromosome variation through ancient DNA. [URL=http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/613/art%253A10.1007%252Fs00439-017-1773-z.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs00439-017-1773-z&token2=exp=1489183874~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F613%2Fart%25253A10.1007%25252Fs00439-017-1773-z.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.1007%252Fs00439-017-1773-z*~hmac=24695c2ca2d38453e4590f1f36ecbe3460081666be2a012850ce733db98fb049]web page[/URL] The article is interesting. It is most interesting because it places V88 in ancient Europe. It is sad that researchers fail to publish this reality. Kivisild (2017) also made it clear that V88 is the earliest offshoot of R-M343 . [QUOTE] Late Neolithic, Early Bronze Age and Iron Age samples from Central and Western Europe have typically the R1b-L11, R1a1-Z283 and R1a-M417 (xZ645) affiliation while the samples from the Yamnaya and Samara neighbourhood are different and belong to sub-clades R1b11-Z2105 and R1a2-Z93 (Allentoft et al. 2015; Cassidy et al. 2016; Haak et al. 2015; Mathieson et al. 2015; Schiffels et al. 2016). [IMG]https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00439-017-1773-z/MediaObjects/439_2017_1773_Fig7_HTML.gif[/IMG] The R1b11-Z2015 lineage is today common in the Caucasus and Volga-Uralic region while being virtually absent in Central and Western Europe (Broushaki et al.2016). Interestingly, the earliest offshoot of extant haplogroup R1b-M343 variation, the V88 subclade, which is currently most common in Fulani speaking populations in Africa (Cruciani et al. 2010) has distant relatives in Early Neolithic samples from across wide geographic area from Iberia, Germany to Samara (Fig. 7). [/QUOTE]The presence of the carriers of V88 in Europe makes it clear that Sub-Saharan Africans had been in Europe for an extended period of time. Moreover it is clear that 25kya SSAs carrying haplogroup R1 were in Eurasia, Africa and the Americas. . [IMG]http://www.ancient-origins.net/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/PaleoAmericans.jpg?itok=jI1F3VdC[/IMG] .[b] The presence of V88 in Europe indicates that thousands of years before the Yamnaya and Bell Beaker people carried R1 into Europe, there were Sub-Saharan Africans in Europe. It indicates that the Bell Beaker people who entered Europe from Morocco via Iberia were carriers of V88, was just one among many groups of Blacks who early settled Europe and remained supreme in Europe until fairly recent times.[/b] . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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