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Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human pop
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6388/548/tab-e-letters (excerpt) [QUOTE] [b]RE: "Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations"[/b] Daniel Shriner, Staff Scientist, National Human Genome Research Institute (25 June 2018) (1). van de Loosdrecht et al. (2) generated genome-wide data from nine individuals from Grotte des Pigeons near Taforalt. The specimens were dated to 15,100–13,900 Cal BP and have been associated with the Iberomaurusian culture, which is known from sites ranging from Morocco to Tunisia along the Mediterranean coast. The matrilines included six U6 lineages and one M1 lineage, whereas the patrilines were exclusively E1b1b. The authors claimed that “three major components that comprise the Taforalt genomes are maximized in early Holocene Levantines, East African hunter-gatherer Hadza from north-central Tanzania, and West Africans.” The authors contextualized their findings based on the absence of sub-Saharan ancestry in Natufians (3). To the contrary, reanalysis of Natufians using a more ancestrally diverse reference panel (4) revealed 6.8% sub-Saharan ancestry, shared with present-day Omotic speakers in southern Ethiopia (5). Given that this ancestry was not covered by the global reference data set used by the authors, I reanalyzed the Taforalt data. The Taforalt individuals averaged 22.5% sub-Saharan African ancestry, reflecting a composite of 12.0% Western African, 7.1% Omotic, and 3.4% Eastern African ancestry. van de Loosdrecht et al. (2) reported that modern West Africans, such as Mandenka, Esan, Mende, and Yoruba, were most strongly related to the sub-Saharan African component The Taforalt individuals averaged 74.5% Northern African ancestry. By comparison, the Natufians had 61.2% Arabian, 21.2% Northern African, and 10.8% Western Asian ancestries. Thus, the Natufians and the Taforalt individuals share Northern African ancestry, although to a widely differing extent. Arabian and Northern African ancestries derived from a common ancestor 14,800 years ago based on decomposition of FST or 9,400 years ago based on msmc analysis. The latter time is relatively underestimated because of the presence of 12.8–15.8% Arabian ancestry in the Northern Africans. Thus, the people who migrated from east to west into Northern Africa ~22,000 years ago did not have Northern African ancestry per se but rather had this common ancestral ancestry. [b]Implications are that (1) Natufians did not descend from Iberomaurusians; (2) Iberomaurusians did not descend from Natufians; (3) Northern African ancestry emerged on the African continent; (4) Iberomaurusians are genetically continuous with present-day Amazighen or Berbers (11); and (5) the genetic history of the Natufians includes individuals with Northern African ancestry that migrated west to east, ultimately departing Africa and arriving in the Levant.  [/b] [/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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