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18th dynast were haplogroup R1b/K?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Geber: [QB] If we know ancient Egyptians were tropical adapted in body portions and limb ratio, like African populations from more southern regions. I guess we have to look at populations that match this. [QUOTE]“African and Middle Eastern populations shared the greatest number of alleles absent from all other populations (fig. S6B).” […] “Eastern and Saharan Africans shared the most alleles absent from other African populations examined.”[/QUOTE](Sarah A. Tishkoff, The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans) [QUOTE] “Within E-M35, there are striking parallels between two haplogroups, E-V68 and E-V257. Both contain a lineage which has been frequently observed in Africa (E-M78 and E-M81, respectively) [6], [8], [10], [13]–[16] and a group of undifferentiated chromosomes that are mostly found in southern Europe (Table S2). An expansion of E-M35 carriers, possibly from the Middle East as proposed by other Authors [14], and split into two branches separated by the geographic barrier of the Mediterranean Sea, would explain this geographic pattern. *However, the absence of E-V68* and E-V257* in the Middle East (Table S2) & makes a maritime spread between northern Africa and southern Europe a more plausible hypothesis. A detailed analysis of the Y chromosomal microsatellite variation associated with E-V68 and E-V257 could help in gaining a better understanding of the likely timing and place of origin of these two haplogroups. [/QUOTE](Beniamino Trombetta, Fulvio Cruciani et al. (2011) A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2) Revealed through the Use of Newly Characterized Binary Polymorphisms) [QUOTE] haplogroups H1, H3 and V, West Eurasian lineages of Iberian origin that spread to Europe7, 10, 17, 26, 29, 36 and most probably North Africa30, 31 with the improvement of the climatic conditions after the retreat of the ice sheets 15 000–13 000 years ago. The interpolation maps of these lineages across North Africa and Europe (Supplementary Material SM5) clearly place the Tuareg population in the path of the southern African edge of post-Last Glacial Maximum expansions. The H1 haplogroup (Supplementary Material SM5A and SM5B, with and without the outlier Norway, respectively) is as frequent in our southern Tuareg groups as in Libya and the centre of the dispersion within the Iberian Peninsula. The H3 haplogroup is almost vestigial in Tuareg (Supplementary Material SM5C), having the highest observed frequencies outside of Iberia in Algeria and Tunisia. The polymorphisms present in the 90 Tuareg individuals led to the identification of 53 different D-loop haplotypes (Table 1). As can be seen in the network based only on HVS-I diversity (Supplementary Material SM3), for which only 33 different haplotypes are observed, there are varying degrees of sharing of haplotypes among the analysed groups: only one belonging to haplogroup H was shared by all three groups; two haplotypes were shared by TGos–TGor and TGos–TTan; and three haplotypes were shared by TGor–TTan. Only 18 of the 33 haplotypes are unique, what is a rather low proportion when compared to most African samples.32 This is further corroborated by haplotype diversities in the three Tuareg samples, which are lower as compared with other populations – especially in the two groups of the Niger bend (0.861±0.027 in TGor; 0.910±0.037 in TGos; and 0.963±0.020 in TTan; see Supplementary Material SM4). [/QUOTE](Pereira L, Cerný V, Cerezo M, Silva NM, Hájek M, Vašíková A, Kujanová M, Brdička R, Salas A. - Linking the sub-Saharan and West Eurasian gene pools: maternal and paternal heritage of the Tuareg nomads from the African Sahel). [QUOTE]”Many of the sites reveal evidence of important interactions between Nilotic and Saharan groups during the formative phases of the Egyptian Predynastic Period (e.g. Wadi el-Hôl, Rayayna, Nuq’ Menih, Kurkur Oasis). Other sites preserve important information regarding the use of the desert routes during the Protodynastic and Pharaonic Periods, particularly during periods of political and military turmoil in the Nile Valley (e.g. Gebel Tjauti, Wadi el-Hôl)." [/QUOTE](Yale University Department of Egyptology, Theban Desert Road Survey and Yale Toshka Desert Survey) https://egyptology.yale.edu/expeditions/past-and-joint-projects/theban-desert-road-survey-and-yale-toshka-desert-survey [/QB][/QUOTE]
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