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A-Group Nubians Caucasoid?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Antalas: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by LoStranger: I ask this because several craniometric studies often show Ancient (Upper) Egyptians such as the Badari and Naqada for example clustering with Sub-Saharan African groups such as Kerma/Nubians/Sudanese, Tigreans, Somalis etc etc. By this logic shouldn't Badari and Naqada be within the Sub-Saharan craniometric grouping or at least close to it? And if there truly is a [b]distinction[/b] between North African craniofacial traits and Sub-Saharan craniofacial traits as you stated why then did Keita show the Badari and Naqada (both North Africans) clustering more with "southerly groups?" Thank You [/QUOTE]Those "Sub-saharan African groups" you highlight fall into the North african variation and are physically/genetically much closer to North Africans and eurasians than the rest of SSA. [QUOTE] Nubia, for its part, is significantly different from six of the 12 groups with which it is compared. It comes close to being excluded from the Late Dynastic sample from Giza in Lower Egypt, [b]and it comes within few percentage points of being excluded from sub-Saharan Africa[/b] as well. [b]Nubians cannot be excluded from modern Europeans or from their northern neighbors at Predynastic Naqada, and barely from modern Somalis. Perhaps somewhat more surprisingly, they also cannot be excluded from South Asia-the Indian subcontinent[/b] . This simply reaffirms what can be seen in Figures 2-4. [/QUOTE][IMG]https://i.imgur.com/1Rx1aX9.jpg[/IMG] Brace, C. L., D. P. Tracer, L. A. Yaroch, J. Robb, K. Brandt, and A. R. Nelson. 1993. Clines and Clusters Versus "Race": A Test in Ancient Egypt and the Case of a Death on the Nile. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 36:1-31. In Joel D. Irish 1998, people from Ancient Nubia are grouped with North Africans and these are some of his conclusion : [QUOTE] As described by others (Hiernaux, 1975; Excoffier et al, 1987; Roychoudhury and Nei, 1988; Lipschultz, 1996; among others) and as noted in this and previous studies (Irish, 1993b, 1997, 1998a), [b]North Africans are genetically and phenetically allied with Europeans and western Asians. North African dental frequencies are similar to those of Europeans, except for some traits that show apparent sub-Saharan influence.[/b] Such a North/ Sub-Saharan African combination is also evident in many genetic systems (e.g., Roychoudhury and Nei, 1988). Thus, I proposed (Irish, 1993b, 1998a) that the North African dental trait complex is one which parallels that of Europeans, yet displays higher frequencies of Bushman Canine, two-rooted UP1, three-rooted UM2, LM2 Y- groove, LM1 cusp 7, LP1 Tome's root, two-rooted LM2, and lower frequencies of UM1 enamel extension and peg/reduced or absent UM3. North Africans also exhibit a higher frequency of UM1 Carabelli's trait than sub-Saharan Africans or Europeans. [/QUOTE] [QUOTE]As seen in Figure 2, [b]there is an obvious separation of sub-saharan and north african samples, yet apparent homogeneity within regions - particularly North Africa.[/b] These findings are supported by previous affinity estimates based on African genetic, skeletal, dermatoglyphic, anthropometric, linguistic, and cultural data (see Mourant 1954, 1983; Greenberg 1959, 1966; Murdock 1959; Hiernaux 1975; Nurse et al, 1985; Sanchez-Mazas et al, 1986; Excoffier et al, 1987; Roychoudhury and Nei 1988; Howells 1989; Froment, 1992a,b; Franciscus 1995; Holliday 1995; among others). [/QUOTE]Irish Joel D. Dental morphological affinities of Late Pleistocene through recent sub-Saharan and north African peoples. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, Nouvelle Série. Tome 10 fascicule 3-4, 1998. Here from Irish 2010, we see that the SSA cluster plots far from Ethiopians, Ancient Egyptians and maghrebis who all plot much closer to the european series : [IMG]https://i.imgur.com/QnqjcjQ.jpg[/IMG] Furthermore, do not fall into the misconception that the inhabitants of the Nile Valley shared a uniform appearance. Throughout both contemporary and ancient periods, there has consistently existed a spectrum of diversity. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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