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Kmt The 3 Lands?: Ethnicity vs. Polity
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [QB] There were two cultures--Naqada and Qustul, but each culture was politically divided as sepati (tribes). So there was a process of political localization followed by expansion. Naqada had 20 tribes while Qustul had at least 4-- two just north of the 1st cataract and two south of the 1st cataract. [IMG]https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/images/archive/museum/nubia/Agroupmap.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4dKrbSOcEm8/UTeOXXg6XEI/AAAAAAAAAsQ/y8EMI7HhM8M/s1600/522628_427738220647277_559723568_n.jpg[/IMG] Going north, the two sepati north of the 1st cataract were Ta Khentit/Ta Seti based in Aswan and Wetjes Hor based in Efu. Both joined the Nekhen confederation which later came under Thinite hegemony i.e. unified Ta Shemau. Going south, the two south of the 1st cataract is Sayala and the Qustul proper just north of the 2nd cataract. [IMG]https://i.ibb.co/0V2Bs8j/NVmap1.png[/IMG] [IMG]https://i.ibb.co/KWGDTVL/L-Nubia1.jpg[/IMG] There seemed to be rivalry and conflict between Sayala and Qustul until the encroachment of Naqada forced them to come together but by then it was too late. Naqada or rather Kemet conquered the Qustul kingdom of Ta Seti and mass imported its inhabitants into Kemet as a policy of forced assimilation. I suspect that all these Setiu khast captives were settled in the territory of their kinsmen especially in Setiu Nwt. Originally there was debate as to when the conquest of Ta Seti Khast took place with some suggesting it was during the predynastic sometime around Dynasty 0 while others say it took place during the Archaic Period that is the beginning of the Dynastic Era. Evidence supports the latter which is not surprising since such a large scale military campaign needs the manpower that a united kingdom can provide as this [URL=https://archeonil.com/images/revue%202015%202016/AN2015-08-Somaglino%20&%20Tallet.pdf]paper[/URL] on the Gebel Sheikh Suleiman rock inscriptions show. Apparently the 1st dynasty king and his troops after vanquishing the Qustul Kingdom fought his way as far south as just past the 2nd cataract in Gebel Sheikh Suleiman capturing or expelling what was left of the Qustul forces. [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Jebel_Sheikh_Suleiman.jpg/576px-Jebel_Sheikh_Suleiman.jpg[/IMG] These enemies of Qustul i.e. Ta Seti Khast are no doubt the "conspirators" or "Uaua" in the myth that Doug cited. This reminds me, there was a paper that was published last year about the role of religion in the process of state formation in Nile Valley civilization. I haven't been able to find the full paper but here is the title: [URL=https://www.eap-iea.org/index.php/eap/article/view/1101]Holy War: Expansion of the Naqada Culture and State-Building in Egypt[/URL]. This is why the myth that Doug cites describes the god Ra on earth waging war against rebels and interestingly often times these rebels are in Ta Nehesi (Nubia). Since Ra is the national god of Kemet, the myth is an allegory of those rebels against the state of Kmt which was formed by the Naqadans. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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