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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: In [URL=http://www.egyptsearch.com/forums/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=15;t=003522]a past thread[/URL] the [URL=https://www.imninalu.net/myths-Arabs.htm]Im Nin'alu article[/URL] on the origin of Arabs was cited. Im Nin'alu is a Jewish website that uses the Torah as a basis for population histories and notes that Arabs are a mix of "Hamitic" and "Shemitic" ancestries with the former being the older inhabitants of Arabia. [IMG]https://www.imninalu.net/Myths_files/Arabia.jpg[/IMG] [/QUOTE]excerpts of the the article: [QUOTE] https://www.imninalu.net/myths-Arabs.htm Myths, Hypotheses and Facts Concerning the Origin of Peoples Origin and Identity of the Arabs [b] Arabs are primarily Hamitic, with a relevant Semitic contribution.[/b] _____________________________ The Canaanites were culturally conquered by the Arameans, adopting their Semitic language and therefore are generally regarded as a Semitic people. They developed in two different areas: the "coastland Canaanites" are best known in history as Phoenicians, the "mountain Canaanites" were assimilated by the Israelites and disappeared as an identifiable people around the 8th century b.c.e. - when the Assyrians took the Hebrews into exile they did not make any difference because the Canaanites were already Israelites. Canaanites were NOT Arabs. The Arabian peninsula is undoubtedly the Arabs' homeland, and the peoples that inhabited it in ancient times are to be regarded as the ancestors of the modern Arabs. Now, the query consists in establishing how much Semitic these peoples were and up to what amount the Ishmaelites have contributed to the formation of the Arab identity. [b]In the most ancient records the whole Arabia was commonly designed under the generic name of "Kush", which was extended throughout the entire region comprised between Southern Mesopotamia in the north and the White Nile Basin in the south, that is, including both sides of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.[/b] Subsequently, there has been a clear distinction between Northern and Southern Arabia since early times, distinction that endured for centuries. [b]The Arabs are the result of the progressive fusion of both entities developed over the original Kushite background.[/b] ·Southern Arabian peoples: Seven Kushite peoples: Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Ra'mah, Sabtekha, Sheba and Dedan. Twelve Semitic tribes (Yoqtanites): Almodad, Shelef, Hatzarmawt, Yerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Diqlah, Obal, Abima'el, Shaba, Hawilah and Yobab. ·Northern Arabian peoples: Early Kushite population: Kűsh, Mušuri, Hawilah, Makkan. Eight Semitic tribes (Midyanites/Lihyanites): Zimran, Yoqshan, Medan, Midyan, Yishbaq, Shuwah, Sheba and Dedan. Twelve Ishmaelite tribes: Nebayot, Qedar, Adbe'el, Mibsam, Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadar, Teyma, Yetur, Nafish and Qedmah. The characteristics of these peoples are exposed under the next title. The Arabian Kush and the Ishmaelite Myth Even though the name Kush is usually associated with Ethiopia because of the Greek translation of that name, Kushite peoples were in early times the inhabitants of the whole Arabia, Southern Mesopotamia, Elam and a branch of them reached India as well. [b]1) Southern Arabians were originally Kushitic (Ethiopic). The most ancient Sabeans were closely related with Nubians and Abyssinians dwelling on the opposite shores of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.[/b] Their country roughly coincides with modern Yemen, where the Kushitic Sabeans have left some hints that allow to identify them as tribes that created a sort of organized states or kingdoms, reported in ancient chronicles as Sabatan, whose capital was the city of Shabwah. They transferred some typical Ethiopic features to their Semitic successors, like the female-ruled monarchy, common to all ancient Arabia. [b]2) Northern Arabians were called mainly after Avrahamic tribes, which apparently would grant them to be classified into the Semitic stock. Nevertheless, the Kushitic character is strongly remarkable since these lands were inhabited by Hamitic peoples (Kush, Havilah and Mušuri) long before the first Semites arrived in this territory and both groups intermarried.[/b] The process of Semitization was completed only under the Assyrian rule, around the 7th century b.c.e. The origin of these Arabian tribes is connected with Avraham's concubines, Hagar and Qeturah, from whom respectively originated the Ishmaelites (or Hagarites) and the Midyanites (actually one of these tribes, whose name was extended to the others). Avraham was an Akkadian that moved first into the land of Hurrians and then into Canaan. His wife Sarah was an Akkadian belonging to his own family, and this fully Semitic couple generated the Israelites and not any Arab people. Avraham traded also in Egypt and acquired for his wife an Egyptian servant, Hagar, with whom he fathered Yishmael. Besides them, Avraham took also another woman, Qeturah, whose origin is unknown and that is the mother of the Midyanite tribes. Consequently, Ishmael was a Semite only on his father's side, but by his mother's lineage he was Egyptian, and the sons of Qeturah were surely Semitic after their father Avraham, but we do not know where did their mother come from. Here we will consider first the ethnic features of the Midyanites before dealing with the origin and culture of the Ishmaelites. ·The Midyanites settled in the region of Mount Sinai and by the Gulf of Eylat, in Arabia. That land was already inhabited by non-Semitic peoples, namely, the Kűsh and Mušuri of the Assyrian records, and very likely Avraham's children and successive generations married women from the local people, consequently it is correct to assume that the Midyanites were ethnically less Semitic than Hamitic. In fact, the Kushite cultural heritage lasted much longer in Central Arabia, the cradle of Islam, rather than in the Northern and Southern regions, where the Nabatean and Himyarite civilizations were in contact with the western world and had become quite cosmopolitan. [/QUOTE]The articles says: In the most ancient records the whole Arabia was commonly designed under the generic name of "Kush", which was extended throughout the entire region comprised between Southern Mesopotamia in the north and the White Nile Basin in the south, that is, including both sides of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. ____________________________________ The Biblical Archaeology Society does not use that broad definition [QUOTE] https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/magazine/representing-cush-in-the-hebrew-bible/ [b]Representing Cush in the Hebrew Bible[/b] Kevin Burrell November 01, 2020 The Hebrew Bible mentions “Cush” (Hebrew: כוּשּׁ ) and related terms some 54 times.1 The vast majority of references to Cush as a geographical region denote the African land on the southern border of ancient Egypt, known most commonly today as Nubia. In English Bibles, Cush is most frequently translated as “Ethiopia,” but sometimes “Nubia,” “Cush,” and even “Sudan.” Because ancient Nubia occupied the northern and southern regions of present day Sudan and Egypt, respectively, it is to be distinguished from the country of Ethiopia, located in the Horn of Africa. In the eighth and seventh centuries, Cushite Egypt competed with Assyria for control of Syria-Palestine, but after a prolonged struggle Assyria gained the upper hand, eventually conquering Egypt and expelling the Cushites from the land of the pharaohs. Under its new political capital of Meroë, the kingdom of Cush would last for yet another thousand years until its final dissolution in the fourth century C.E. The rule of the 25th Dynasty coincided with the age of the classical Hebrew prophets. Thus, the Egypt of much of the prophetic literature (e.g., Isaiah 1-40) was a territory under the dominion of the pharaohs of Cush. [b]Based on iconographic and textual evidence, Cushites are typically understood as a sub-Saharan African people.[/b] [/QUOTE]____________________________________ ^^ this Bible Archaeology article makes no mention of what's said in the web page you linked which says: "In the most ancient records the whole Arabia was commonly designed under the generic name of "Kush" Do you have other sources to support that statement? The website you linked made no claim to scholarly credentials and has bibliography They conclude with what seems to be religiopolitical commentary: [QUOTE] Myths, Hypotheses and Facts Concerning the Origin of Peoples Origin and Identity of the Arabs Conclusion: After a careful and accurate research about the origin and identity of the Arabs, we can distinguish the myths from the facts: [b]MYTHS 1) Arabs are Ishmaelites:[/b] this is not true for the overwhelming majority of them. There are not written records by which not even a single Arab is able prove a direct descent from Ishmael. The alleged genealogies have been invented in Islamic times after some Nabateans converted to Judaism or Christianity discovered the possible link that they had with Ishmael, a name that was completely lost in Arabia and was translated from Greek sources. 2) Arabs are Semites: This is a relative truth - the Arabic language is Semitic, because its sources are ancient Semitic tongues spoken by both Sabeans and Nabateans. Also Ghe'ez and Amharic, languages of the Ethiopians, are Semitic, nevertheless [b]the Ethiopian people are Kushites, not Semites.[/b] 3) Arabic was spoken in ancient times: false, it is the most recent of all Semitic languages, and evolved from Nabatean, Sabean, Lihyanite, Safaitic, Thamudic and other tongues. There was not a single document written in Arabic until Roman times. __________ [b]FACTS: 1) Arabs are primarily Hamitic, with a relevant Semitic contribution.[/b] 2) Ancient Nabateans were mainly Kushitic. Although their forefather was Ishmael, he and his offspring married within the Kushite inhabitants of Northern Arabia, and were regarded as "Mušuri" (Egyptians) by the Assyrians, who did not recognize Arabs as a Semitic people. 3) Ancient Yemenites (Sabeans, Mineans and others) were of mixed Semitic/Hamitic stock. [b]4) The pre-Islamic Arabs had a Kushitic culture; they were mainly ruled by queens like the Nubians, Ethiopians and other Hamitic nations, and had a female-centred society. 5) Islam has reversed the original culture into a male-ruled society, yet not adopting a Semitic style but just imposing a system based on applying the opposite patterns to the previous social rules and customs. Ancient Arabians had a great culture,[/b] that might have evolved into a modern civilization and a developed society like other peoples of the Middle East as the Jews or the Armenians, but their original culture was destroyed and their history was replaced by legends... [/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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