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3 interesting abstracts about Ancient Egypt, Soqotra, Pastoral Neolithic Sahara.
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by mightywolf: ABSTRACT HGP-023 [b]Genetic study of ancient Egyptian human remains dating from the Predynastic Period to the early Islamic Period (ca. 4000 cal. BCE - 800 cal. CE)[/b] Speaker: Alexandra Mussauer Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, Italy; Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany Co-authors: Christina Wurst1,2, Alice Paladin1, Valentina Coia1, Frank Maixner1, [b]Albert Zink[/b] [b]1 Eurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, Italy 2 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany[/b] Abstract: Due to high-throughput sequencing and targeted enrichment methods, ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis is emerging as a valuable tool for the investigation of ancient Egypt’s demographic history. However, the recovery of aDNA from Egyptian human remains is challenging due to poor DNA preservation and a high contamination risk. Thus, so far, less than five ancient Egyptian genome-wide datasets have been published. In addition, mitochondrial genomes are almost exclusively limited to a timespan ranging from the New Kingdom to the Roman Period (1550 BCE - 395 CE) as well as to a single archaeological site (Abusir el-Meleq). To extend the pool of ancient Egyptian genome datasets, both mitochondrial and genome-wide, we report the results of [b]a genetic study of 100 ancient Egyptian human remains. Overall, these individuals exhibit an endogenous human DNA content between 0.01% and 40.84%. Using an enrichment capture targeting the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we were able to reconstruct complete mitogenomes for 25 individuals >> dating from the Predynastic Period to the Coptic Period (ca. 3500 cal. BCE - 650 cal. CE)[/b] and encompassing the archaeological sites of Asyut, Akhmim, Deir el-Bahari, Deir el-Medina, Thebes, the Valley of the Queens, and Gebelein. These genomes exhibit a mtDNA haplogroup diversity similar to ancient Egyptian haplogroup profiles published by Schuenemann, et al. Nat. Comm. 2017. This provides further evidence for shared maternal ancestries between western Eurasian or northern African populations and ancient Egyptians during and after the New Kingdom. In addition, we also found western Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups in individuals dated to periods prior to the New Kingdom. [b]Furthermore, we performed a whole-genome enrichment capture on seven individuals to test these findings also on a genome-wide scale.[/b] Overall, this study provides further insights into the demographic history of ancient Egyptians considering a broader geographical context and the older periods of Egypt’s past. [/QUOTE](bolded added) [IMG]https://webassets.eurac.edu/31538/1623138520-mussaueralexandra.jpg?w=352&h=352&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&auto=format[/IMG] Speaker: Alexandra Mussauer Eurac Research PhD Student Institute for Mummy Studies Bolzano, South Tyrol, Northern Italy [IMG]https://webassets.eurac.edu/31538/1619078323-zinkalbert.jpg?w=352&h=352&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&auto=format[/IMG] [b]ALBERT ZINK Eurac Research[/b] Head of Institute Institute for Mummy Studies Bolzano, South Tyrol, Northern Italy https://www.eurac.edu/en/people/albert-zink Dr. Albert Zink received his PhD (1998) at the University of Munich, where he also finished his habilitation (Assistant Professor) in 2005. He is director of the Institute for Mummies and the Iceman in Bolzano, Italy. His major scientific interest is the evolution of infectious diseases and the impact of diseases on historic populations and their development. He is currently president of the Society of Anthropologists in Germany. ____________________________________ 2023 [b]High-coverage genome of the [b]Tyrolean[/b] Iceman reveals unusually high Anatolian farmer ancestry[/b] Ke Wang,1,2,3 Kay Prüfer,2 Ben Krause-Kyora,4 Ainash Childebayeva,2 [b]Verena J. Schuenemann[/b],5,6,7 Valentina Coia,8 Frank Maixner,8 [b]Albert Zink,[/b]8,∗ Stephan Schiffels,2 and Johannes Krause2,9, ___________________ May 2017 [b]Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods Verena J. Schuenemann, et al. [/b] Estimating phenotypes Finally, we analysed several functionally relevant SNPs in sample JK2911, which had low contamination and relatively high coverage. This individual had a derived allele at the SLC24A5 locus, which contributes to lighter skin pigmentation and was [b]shown to be at high frequency in Neolithic Anatolia[/b] ___________________ February 17, 2010 [b]Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family[/b] [b]Zahi Hawass,[/b] PhD; Yehia Z. Gad, MD; Somaia Ismail, PhD; Rabab Khairat, MSc; Dina Fathalla, MSc; Naglaa Hasan, MSc; Amal Ahmed, BPharm; Hisham Elleithy, MA; Markus Ball, MSc; Fawzi Gaballah, PhD; Sally Wasef, MSc; Mohamed Fateen, MD; Hany Amer, PhD; Paul Gostner, MD; Ashraf Selim, MD; [b]Albert Zink,[/b] PhD; Carsten M. Pusch, PhD _________________________________ [IMG]https://images2.imgbox.com/89/3e/FHkw7Jhe_o.png[/IMG] eurac website: https://www.eurac.edu/en/about-us-eurac-research Wikipedia: [b]Eurac Research[/b] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurac_Research Eurac Research is a private research center headquartered in Bolzano, [b]South Tyrol.[/b] The center has eleven institutes and five centers. Eurac Research has more than 800 partners spread across 56 countries. Core funding is provided by the autonomous province of South Tyrol, with additional financing coming from membership fees and European project funds.[3] Institutes and Center Institute for Minority Rights Institute for Public Management Institute for Comparative Federalism Institute for Applied Linguistics Institute for Alpine Environment Institute for Earth Observation Institute for Regional Development Institute for Renewable Energy Institute for Biomedicine Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Institute for Mummy Studies Center for Advanced Studies Center for Sensing Solutions Center for Mountain Safegard Research Center for Autonomy terraXcube ________________________________ Eurac Research Headquarters Bolzano's Viale Druso. The historic building in which our research center has one of its headquarters was renovated in 1995 and supplemented with modern elements. https://www.eurac.edu/en/about-us-eurac-research/headquarter [b]The "Ex-GIL" Building The historical part of the complex was built between 1934 and 1936 by order of the fascist regime for the female fascist youth known at the time as GIL (Gioventù Italiana del Littorio).[/b] Francesco Mansutti and Gino Miozzo were the original architects, and both came from Padua. At the time the site included classrooms, lecture halls, and a gym. The architecture of the building sections and the directly adjacent Druso Bridge reveals the clean lines of “Razionalismo” as well as influences of the opulent “Stile Imperiale”, which referenced buildings of the ancient Roman Empire. After the end of fascism, the former GIL building (“Ex-GIL” as it was called) became a stone monument to a time that was never to return. Over the years the building housed a supermarket, cinema, various storage and commercial spaces, bookbinders, and an animal shelter. Over time it fell into disrepair. An international architectural competition launched in 1995 finally saved the complex from collapse. The winning design was by Klaus Kada, an architect from Graz whose project juxtaposed the listed building with modern architecture. Through elaborate technical procedures, the building retained its old facades and its original coat of Pompeian red paint. Additions of glass, concrete and steel complement the structure. Bridges connect the individual parts of the building and in this way reflect not only the coexistence of old and new but also a liberal shift from the building’s repressive history. ___________________________ https://www.eurac.edu/en/blogs/eureka/when-conflict-is-written-in-stone [b]Eurac Research[/b] Science blog [b]When conflict is written in stone: Fascist legacy in South Tyrol[/b] Alessia Setti 01 March 2021 In summer 2020, protests originating in the United States against police brutality and racism soon spread to Europe and the debate about the legacy of monuments and statues commemorating controversial historical personalities re-emerged. However, there is a place in Europe that for a long time has already been dealing with this issue. Indeed, Italy’s Autonomous Province of Bolzano/South Tyrol still hosts some remnants of the Fascist regime. What is South Tyrol’s approach and, above all, how do South Tyroleans make use of that historical period? Remove, preserve, or neutralise? A South Tyrolean trilemma... If no consensus can be reached on the future of these monuments, however, one aspect certainly gets everyone to agree: Fascist monuments are still an open wound for most South Tyroleans. ______________________________ ^^a Eurac blog article discussing the controversy over re-use of buildings dating back to Italian fascism yet does not mention the very institution she is writing for is headquartered in one of these building. I do see Eurac has on their long list of "Institutes" an Institute for Minority Rights, for whatever that's worth, I haven't looked into it Albert Zink who is probably the mentor or senior advisor to of the young researcher Alexandra Mussauer's upcoming article on the Egyptian mummies (he's a co-author) I notice the connections here with Zink. He has been co-author in articles both with Hawass (Egypt) and Schuenemann (Germany) So there seems some connection between the German and Egyptian researchers (although this institute is in Italy ) and this connection despite Hawass' not liking how Germany has not returned the Nefertiti bust and other artifacts (although one could distinguish between the German government and private research companies in Germany) [QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: I Cant find any of these anywhere, but I did find this: [QUOTE] [b]Four thousand years of maternal ancestry in ancient Egypt illuminated by MITOCHONDRIAL genome sequencing[/b] 10th World Congress on Mummy Studies (Bolzano, 05/09/2022 - 09/09/2022) [b]2022[/b] [b]Mussauer, Alexandra[/b](Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy); Wurst, Christina (Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy); Paladin, Alice (Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy); Coia, Valentina (Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy); Maixner, Frank (Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy); Helmbold- Doyé, Jana (Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany); Del Vesco, Paolo (Museo Egizio, Fondazione Museo delle Antichità Egizie di Torino, Turin, Italy); Rosendahl, Wilfried (Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany); [b]Zink, Albert[/b] (Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy); During the last decade, the population genetic history of ancient Egypt has been illuminated by an increasing number of genetic studies on ancient Egyptian human remains from different time periods utilizing high-throughput sequencing methods. Nonetheless, mitochondrial genomes representative of the Egyptian population prior to the New Kingdom (1550 - 1069 BC) are still scarce. Therefore,[b] in this study, we analyzed samples taken from 99 ancient Egyptian mummified or skeletonized individuals housed in the collections of the Museo Egizio of Turin and the Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. These individuals have been recovered from different archaeological sites in Egypt and encompass a timeframe ranging from about 4000 BC to AD 800.[/b] All samples were analyzed using next- generation sequencing methods, including mitochondrial DNA enrichments. Following the application of criteria for authenticity and quality control, [b]we were able to reconstruct 34 mitochondrial genomes of ancient Egyptian individuals, predominantly from southern Egypt, that have been dated from the Predynastic to the Byzantine Period (3600 BC - AD 650).[/b] Our data supports the presence of western Eurasian and northeastern African mitochondrial haplogroups in Egypt throughout antiquity. Furthermore, the mitochondrial genomes extend the pool of available datasets, adding novel information for the older periods of Egypt’s past as well as for a broader geographical context. Thereby, this study constitutes another important step for the reconstruction of Egypt’s genetic history, which in the future could be further investigated by genome-wide studies.[/QUOTE] https://wmc.eurac.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/WMC2022_abstractbook.pdf From an organization I haven't heard of before, the Eurac Instute of Mummy Studies: [QUOTE] Snapshots of the past times that help us to gain unique insights into our present. By studying skeletons and mummies from all over the world and from different historical periods, we gain knowledge on population history, the development of pathogens and the preservation of archaeological finds. [/QUOTE] https://www.eurac.edu/en/institutes-centers/institute-for-mummy-studies [/QUOTE](^ bolded added ) As Brandon pointed out earlier this conference presentation from 2022 is probably the same analysis at the top of this post, the other conference of 2023 ABSTRACT HGP-023 [b]Genetic study of ancient Egyptian human remains dating from the Predynastic Period to the early Islamic Period (ca. 4000 cal. BCE - 800 cal. CE)[/b] Project duration: January 2017 - December 2023 ______________________________________ ^ So at this point they started with 99 mummies and the study was mitochondrial DNA but at top in what mightywolf quoted in the OP they added 7 of these individuals Y-DNA also: (from top of this post) [b]a genetic study of 100 ancient Egyptian human remains. Overall, these individuals exhibit an endogenous human DNA content between 0.01% and 40.84%. Using an enrichment capture targeting the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we were able to reconstruct complete mitogenomes for 25 individuals >> dating from the Predynastic Period to the Coptic Period (ca. 3500 cal. BCE - 650 cal. CE) Furthermore, we performed a whole-genome enrichment capture on seven individuals to test these findings also on a genome-wide scale. [/b] I hade overlooked this earlier when I was asking where the number 7 came from, it was there all along [/QB][/QUOTE]
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