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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [QB] ^ What's funny is that in any given population there is generally greater diversity of maternal lineages than paternal indicating that sexual competition between males was much more intense than that between females. Speaking of which.. [QUOTE]Originally posted by Swenet: [qb] I still have yet to put the pieces of the puzzle together regarding early mtDNA M1 (i.e. where it went after splitting frrom mtDNA L3 and M). But after the LGM/during postglacial times, I think it's safe to say that lineages like mtDNA M1 were part of the mtDNA pool of the populations from the Maghreb to the Rift Valley. The East African portion of this metapopulation that Horners, but especially Somalis seem to have mixed with, seem to have included populations that used backed blades (note: not backed blade[i]lets[/i] as in Egypt and the Maghreb). See quotes below of the blade (but not microlithic) industries, and note the timing coincides with the LGM and later, much like certain mtDNA M1a haplogroups:[/qb] [i]In the Ethiopian section of the Rift Valley, the beginnings of the [b]local blade tradition[/b] using obsidian probably go back to more than 27,000 B.P. (Gase and Street 1978: 290) and [b]certainly to 22,675 ‡ 500 B.P.[/b] on the evidence of excavations at Lake Besaka (Clark, in press). At Laga Oda in the escarpment hills south- west of Dire Dawa, the microlithic industry, using most- ly chert, is 15.000 years old (Clark and Prince 1978).[/i] [i]In East Africa, there are dates in the 20,000*s B.P. for the fully microlithic industry using chert, quartz and obsidian, of backed blades, lunates and fan-shaped scrapers at Lukenya Hill (S.F. Miller, pers, com.) (Fig. 3, nos. 1-5). This locality, overlooking the Athi Plains near Nairobi in Kenya, also yielded, with a simi- lar industry, a fragmentary cranium of Modern Man dating to c. 17,700 B.P. (Gramly 1976). At [b]Nasera, in northern Tanzania, the earliest blade industry (Layer 4) has many backed blades[/b] and outils esquillés in chert and quartz and there is an amino acid racemisation [b]date on bone of 18,000 B.P.[/b] The same industry occurs also in Layer 5 which must, ipso facto, be even earlier (Mehlman 1977). What is probably the [b]same industry in obsidian and chert is present in the Naisiusiu beds at the Olduvai[/b][/i] The Microlithic Industries of Africa: Their Antiquity and Possible Economic Implications https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004644472/B9789004644472_s020.xml [/QUOTE]What I find curious is that that the clade M* has its locus in South Asia (India) whereas M1 is in East Africa (both Northeast and the Horn). Yet N1 also has a high frequency in North Africa and upstream N1 was found in the Sahara. So either M and N both originated in North Africa OR they are back-migrations from somewhere close by like Levant and Arabia. And in the Horn the second most common maternal clade there is R, especially R0. [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Spatial_frequency_distribution_maps_of_mtDNA_haplogroup_R0a.png?20161006192108[/IMG] If I recall R is derived from N, same as U with U1 also being found from North Africa to India and U6 predominantly in the Maghreb. So I am curious as to what prehistoric cultures are to be associated with these maternal founders. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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