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OUT-OF-AFRICA, the peopling of continents and islands: tracing uniparental gene trees
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by lamin: [qb] In the Oppenheimer map there are no migration lines within the whole African continent except the one for exit. Given that humans originated in Africa and lived in Africa for approximately 100,000 years before migrating out of the continent--of course the migrants had no idea of anything about where they were migrating to--the migration routes within Africa would be many--much more than the routes external to Africa. If there was only a single migratory group then the phenotypes of the Andaman Islanders and the Melanesians offer us a good idea of what the migrants looked like before being morphing to phenotypical varieties we now see in the world. The phenotypes of the Andaman Islanders and the Melanesians would, therefore, seem to refute the claim that possible back migrations--R1, J, etc,--into Africa were people of different phenotypical appearance--unless such migrations took place very recently--i.e. post the Pharaonic Age. [/qb][/QUOTE]Good point Lamin. There were also numerous migrations or movements of peoples WITHIN Africa due to food needs, climate, environment, shifting resource bases etc.. Furthermore even Oppenheimer's analysis seems to show that genetic differentiation was already underway WITHIN Africa before any free-roaming exits. This exposes hypocritical Eurocentric claims and labels, whereby a few black guys who wander over the Arabian late into Arabia and further east suddenly become "EUrasian", or "Middle Eastern". They love these labels because they help to deAfricanize tropical African peoples. It is part of their agenda. However even Oppenheimer's analysis notes- quote: [i]These observations seem to mean that, unlike the mtDNA exit, which is defined by a single branch L3, splitting outside Africa into M and N (see below), up to three Y branches (C, D and F), albeit very closely related, could have split before the initial exit from Africa, rather than after. The argument for this scenario is that the ancestor to D could not have split off after exit, from a single M168-CDF common ancestor outside Africa, leaving E behind, because D and E are both defined by YAP+ and form their own sub-clade [15].[/i] Other scientists support a similar scenario- of early proto-lineage or lineage variant diversity before any clear pattern of exits. In other words, the people who were to become "non-African" had already developed certain gene diversity patterns. These would intensify outside of Africa the further people moved away, and appearances would change more dramatically, but all the essential foundations already were underway inside Africa, and until relatively recently these outside peoples resembled their tropical African forbears. [IMG]http://img822.imageshack.us/img822/8717/africanm1a.jpg[/IMG] As for backflow, the "backflowees" would have clustered with tropical Africans to begin with. [IMG]http://img408.imageshack.us/img408/3941/backflowblues.jpg[/IMG] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- And as to the bogus "Natufian killer" claims by "racial UNreality": that has been debunked already. [IMG]http://img823.imageshack.us/img823/9349/pinhasi2009big2.jpg[/IMG] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [IMG]http://img687.imageshack.us/img687/2701/neolithicnatufianbrace2.jpg[/IMG] And the resemblances of the Natufians with tropical Africans is well supported by scholarship. There was a diverse range of appearance but the clear links are well documented. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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