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Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic ‘green’ Sahara (2019). StefaniaVai 1, Stefania Sarno2, Martina Lari 1, Donata Luiselli3, Giorgio Manzi4, MarinaGallinaro 5, Safaa Mataich2, Alexander Hübner6, Alessandra Modi1, Elena Pilli1, MaryAnneTafuri4, DavidCaramelli1 & Savino di Lernia . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39802-1.pdf
Abstract Because Africa’s climate hampers DNA preservation, knowledge of its genetic variability is mainly restricted to modern samples, even though population genetics dynamics and back-migrations from Eurasia may have modifed haplotype frequencies, masking ancient genetic scenarios. Thanks to improved methodologies, ancient genetic data for the African continent are now increasingly available, starting to fll in the gap. Here we present newly obtained mitochondrial genomes from two ~7000-yearold individuals from Takarkori rockshelter, Libya, representing the earliest and frst genetic data for the Sahara region. These individuals carry a novel mutation motif linked to the haplogroup N root. Our result demonstrates the presence of an ancestral lineage of the N haplogroup in the Holocene “Green Sahara”, associated to a Middle Pastoral (Neolithic) context.
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Meaning all sub-clades mtDNA like R, H, X, T etc also has an African Origin
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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fig 4. Published: 05 March 2019 Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic ‘green’ Sahara Stefania Vai
Map of Africa with the alternative models discussed. Haplogroups are indicated in black circles in their probable area of origin. Continuous arrows indicate spread by migration, while dashed arrows indicate molecular differentiation from one haplogroup to another. Dates of origin of haplogroups are indicated in squares. Dates along arrows indicate possible migration time. (a) Haplogroup N differentiates from L3 in the African continent, with a subsequent spread out of Africa. (b) Haplogroups M and N diverged from L3 outside Africa or during the expansion of AMH out of the continent; later migrations during Early Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic diffusion led some lineages back to North Africa.
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: fig 4. Published: 05 March 2019 Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic ‘green’ Sahara Stefania Vai
Map of Africa with the alternative models discussed. Haplogroups are indicated in black circles in their probable area of origin. Continuous arrows indicate spread by migration, while dashed arrows indicate molecular differentiation from one haplogroup to another. Dates of origin of haplogroups are indicated in squares. Dates along arrows indicate possible migration time. (a) Haplogroup N differentiates from L3 in the African continent, with a subsequent spread out of Africa. (b) Haplogroups M and N diverged from L3 outside Africa or during the expansion of AMH out of the continent; later migrations during Early Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic diffusion led some lineages back to North Africa.
It's unbelievable how they keep flip-flopping and forcing it.
quote:Although 2 mtDNA lineages with an African origin (haplogroups M and N) were the progenitors of all non-African haplogroups, macrohaplogroup L (including haplogroups L0-L6) is limited to sub-Saharan Africa.
~Gonder MK1, Tishkoff SA et al.
Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient African lineages. (2007)
quote: Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago. 2018
Vicente M Cabrera, View ORCID Profile Julia Patricia, Marrero Rodriguez, View ORCID Profile Khaled K Abu-Amero, Jose M Larruga
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: fig 4. Published: 05 March 2019 Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic ‘green’ Sahara Stefania Vai
Map of Africa with the alternative models discussed. Haplogroups are indicated in black circles in their probable area of origin. Continuous arrows indicate spread by migration, while dashed arrows indicate molecular differentiation from one haplogroup to another. Dates of origin of haplogroups are indicated in squares. Dates along arrows indicate possible migration time. (a) Haplogroup N differentiates from L3 in the African continent, with a subsequent spread out of Africa. (b) Haplogroups M and N diverged from L3 outside Africa or during the expansion of AMH out of the continent; later migrations during Early Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic diffusion led some lineages back to North Africa.
It's unbelievable how they keep flip-flopping and forcing it.
quote:Although 2 mtDNA lineages with an African origin (haplogroups M and N) were the progenitors of all non-African haplogroups, macrohaplogroup L (including haplogroups L0-L6) is limited to sub-Saharan Africa.
~Gonder MK1, Tishkoff SA et al.
Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient African lineages. (2007)
quote: Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago. 2018
Vicente M Cabrera, View ORCID Profile Julia Patricia, Marrero Rodriguez, View ORCID Profile Khaled K Abu-Amero, Jose M Larruga
Yes they are always trying to flip the script. As a result, we have to be vigilant in keeping up with the names of haplogroups to report to the youth changes in the names for African genes
.
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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In these articles they review the prevailing hypothesis, their own hypothesis and sometimes others
Posts: 42918 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: In these articles they review the prevailing hypothesis, their own hypothesis and sometimes others
In a nutshell, they: 1) don't know , 2) keep lying by actin' as if they know, or 3) willingly lie.
For years on ES we've been sayin' that most of the Hg's originated in Africa.
Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: fig 4. Published: 05 March 2019 Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic ‘green’ Sahara Stefania Vai
Map of Africa with the alternative models discussed. Haplogroups are indicated in black circles in their probable area of origin. Continuous arrows indicate spread by migration, while dashed arrows indicate molecular differentiation from one haplogroup to another. Dates of origin of haplogroups are indicated in squares. Dates along arrows indicate possible migration time. (a) Haplogroup N differentiates from L3 in the African continent, with a subsequent spread out of Africa. (b) Haplogroups M and N diverged from L3 outside Africa or during the expansion of AMH out of the continent; later migrations during Early Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic diffusion led some lineages back to North Africa.
It's unbelievable how they keep flip-flopping and forcing it.
quote:Although 2 mtDNA lineages with an African origin (haplogroups M and N) were the progenitors of all non-African haplogroups, macrohaplogroup L (including haplogroups L0-L6) is limited to sub-Saharan Africa.
~Gonder MK1, Tishkoff SA et al.
Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient African lineages. (2007)
quote: Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago. 2018
Vicente M Cabrera, View ORCID Profile Julia Patricia, Marrero Rodriguez, View ORCID Profile Khaled K Abu-Amero, Jose M Larruga
Yes they are always trying to flip the script. As a result, we have to be vigilant in keeping up with the names of haplogroups to report to the youth changes in the names for African genes
.
They ar flipping it because of the futility to claim M and N when their ancestors lilkey hadnt even left Africa yet. They want to claim M and N so they just go back and claim L3. On the male side they wanted to claim M35 so they just went back and claimed all of E. Then they laimed DE. That is futule too as Africa has D0 so very soon they will go back and Claim M168. The ultimate GOAL in all of this is creating the genetic narritive that Africans are NOT a parental/Ancestral population to Eurasians but rather a SISTER population to Eurasians. That is the goal. All aprat of the Eurasian shell game :
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: fig 4. Published: 05 March 2019 Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic ‘green’ Sahara Stefania Vai
Map of Africa with the alternative models discussed. Haplogroups are indicated in black circles in their probable area of origin. Continuous arrows indicate spread by migration, while dashed arrows indicate molecular differentiation from one haplogroup to another. Dates of origin of haplogroups are indicated in squares. Dates along arrows indicate possible migration time. (a) Haplogroup N differentiates from L3 in the African continent, with a subsequent spread out of Africa. (b) Haplogroups M and N diverged from L3 outside Africa or during the expansion of AMH out of the continent; later migrations during Early Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic diffusion led some lineages back to North Africa.
It's unbelievable how they keep flip-flopping and forcing it.
quote:Although 2 mtDNA lineages with an African origin (haplogroups M and N) were the progenitors of all non-African haplogroups, macrohaplogroup L (including haplogroups L0-L6) is limited to sub-Saharan Africa.
~Gonder MK1, Tishkoff SA et al.
Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient African lineages. (2007)
quote: Carriers of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup L3 basic lineages migrated back to Africa from Asia around 70,000 years ago. 2018
Vicente M Cabrera, View ORCID Profile Julia Patricia, Marrero Rodriguez, View ORCID Profile Khaled K Abu-Amero, Jose M Larruga
Yes they are always trying to flip the script. As a result, we have to be vigilant in keeping up with the names of haplogroups to report to the youth changes in the names for African genes
.
They ar flipping it because of the futility to claim M and N when their ancestors lilkey hadnt even left Africa yet. They want to claim M and N so they just go back and claim L3. On the male side they wanted to claim M35 so they just went back and claimed all of E. Then they laimed DE. That is futule too as Africa has D0 so very soon they will go back and Claim M168. The ultimate GOAL in all of this is creating the genetic narritive that Africans are NOT a parental/Ancestral population to Eurasians but rather a SISTER population to Eurasians. That is the goal. All aprat of the Eurasian shell game :
They are doing the same thing with Y-chromosome R. They want to take it out of Africa but the presence of Caribbean slaves carrying the gene negates their back migration theory that has no archaeological support.
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-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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[QB] Ancestral mitochondrial N lineage from the Neolithic ‘green’ Sahara (2019). StefaniaVai 1, Stefania Sarno2, Martina Lari 1, Donata Luiselli3, Giorgio Manzi4, MarinaGallinaro 5, Safaa Mataich2, Alexander Hübner6, Alessandra Modi1, Elena Pilli1, MaryAnneTafuri4, DavidCaramelli1 & Savino di Lernia . https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39802-1.pdf
Abstract Because Africa’s climate hampers DNA preservation, knowledge of its genetic variability is mainly restricted to modern samples, even though population genetics dynamics and back-migrations from Eurasia may have modifed haplotype frequencies, masking ancient genetic scenarios. Thanks to improved methodologies, ancient genetic data for the African continent are now increasingly available, starting to fll in the gap. Here we present newly obtained mitochondrial genomes from two ~7000-yearold individuals from Takarkori rockshelter, Libya, representing the earliest and frst genetic data for the Sahara region. These individuals carry a novel mutation motif linked to the haplogroup N root. Our result demonstrates the presence of an ancestral lineage of the N haplogroup in the Holocene “Green Sahara”, associated to a Middle Pastoral (Neolithic) context.
The worldwide haplogroup N frequency data for this article comes from Fernandes, 2012 in addition to their new findings on an ancestral lineage
The Arabian Cradle: Mitochondrial Relicts of the First Steps along the Southern Route out of Africa. The American Journal of Human Genetics 90, 347–355 (2012).
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^ I'm looking at this article for some frequency data for haplogroup N in various countries
its says
"We have addressed this question by analyzing the three minor west-Eurasian haplogroups, N1, N2, and X. "
"N1a1 is found at very low frequency across Europe, where it also dates to the Late Glacial period (between 16–20 ka ago)."
"it has a frequency peak in the Gulf region and that its highest diversity values are in the Gulf, Anatolia, and southeast Europe"
"The major subclade of N2, haplogroup W, is much more frequent and widespread than N2a (Figure 2F) and reaches >10% frequency in some eastern-European populations (for example, it shows a strong founder effect in Finland 2–3 ka ago but also in the Black Sea region), but it is less common in the Near East and Arabia."
the frequencies for N just look low everywhere, everything is looking like 1-2% or lower
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wikipedia references some othe articles
Haplogroup N1a (mtDNA)
Distribution Haplogroup N1a is widely distributed throughout Europe, Northeast Africa, the Near East and Central Asia. It is divided into the European/Central Asian and African/South Asian branches based on specific genetic markers.
Near East Relatively high frequencies of N1a are found in the modern population of Saudi Arabia. Estimates range from 2.4%[15] to 4%.[16] Regional analysis revealed that the haplogroup was most common in the center of the country. Haplotype diversity is noted for being higher here than elsewhere.[4]
Frequencies of N1a in Yemen are relatively high, with estimates varying by study: 3.6%,[15] 5.2%,[17] and 6.9%.[16] Yemen is noted for high haplotype diversity within the population.[4][17]
Elsewhere in the Near East, prevalence of N1a is lower. A 2008 article cited population frequencies of 1.1% in Qatar, 0.3% in Iran, and 0.2% in Turkey.[15]
Europe N1a is a rare haplogroup that currently appears in only 0.2% of European populations.[5] Pockets of higher frequencies exist such as in Croatia where 0.7% of mainland Croatians,[18] 9.24% of the population on the island of Cres,[19] and 1.9% of the population on the island of Brač are members of N1a. In the Volga-Ural region of Russia, N1a is most prominent in the Komi-Permyaks (9.5%) followed by the Bashkirs (3.6%), Chuvash (1.8%), and Tatars (0.4%).[20] In another study of Volga Tatars, haplogroup N1a was found in 1.6% (2/126) of a sample of Mishar Tatars from Buinsk in western Tatarstan (1/126 N1a1a1a1, 1/126 N1a3a3), but it was not observed in a sample of 71 Kazan Tatars from Aznakayevo in eastern Tatarstan, yielding an overall figure of 1.0% N1a (2/197) among Volga Tatars.[21] Russia as a whole has a frequency of 0.7%.[22]
A study of 542 individuals in Portugal found an N1a frequency of 0.37%. Only 0.11% of individuals analyzed in Scotland were members of the haplogroup.[23]
Asia Analysis of modern Siberian populations revealed a 1.2% prevalence in Altaians, 0.2% in the Buryats,[24] and 0.9% in the Khanty people.[25]
In India, N1a was identified in 4 members of the Havik group, 2 members from Andhra Pradesh,[5] 2 members from West Bengal and 1 member from Tamil Nadu.[1] The members of the Havik group belong to the African/South Asian branch while one member from Andhra Pradesh and others from West Bengal and Tamil Nadu belong to the European Branch.
Africa N1a is concentrated among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in Northeast Africa, occurring in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan. The clade also occurs at very low frequencies among a few neighboring groups due to historical interactions.[5][26] In Sudan, it is found among the Arakien (5.9%) and Nubians (3.4%).[26] In Ethiopia, 2.2% of the population are N1a carriers, with the haplogroup identified amongst Semitic speakers.[17] In Egypt, N1a has been observed in 0.8% of inhabitants.[15] In Kenya, the haplogroup is carried by around 10% of the Cushitic-speaking Rendille, as well as 1% of the Maasai. [27] Some N1a has also been observed in Tanzania.[5]
Additionally, haplogroup N1a is found among the Socotri (6.2%)
Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-old Neolithic Sites Article (PDF Available) in Science 310:1016//1018 · January 2005
from figure 2. description:
The African/South Asian branch (green)contains those N1a sequences characterized by 16147G, whereas theEuropean branch (blue) and its Cen-tral Asian subcluster (orange) arecharacterized by 16147A. The six early Neolithic DNA sequences are shown in red.
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Euepdia
Nowadays N1a is also found in modern Cushitic populations of East Africa. In fact, the same N1a1a3 that was found in Neolithic Germany is now found essentially in Somalia and Ethiopia, in the Horn of Africa. This region has the world's highest frequency of Y-haplogroup T, the greatest diversity of Y-haplogroup E1b1b, and also a substantial percentage of Y-haplogroup J1,
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quote:Originally posted by beyoku: They ar flipping it because of the futility to claim M and N when their ancestors lilkey hadnt even left Africa yet. They want to claim M and N so they just go back and claim L3. On the male side they wanted to claim M35 so they just went back and claimed all of E. Then they laimed DE. That is futule too as Africa has D0 so very soon they will go back and Claim M168. The ultimate GOAL in all of this is creating the genetic narritive that Africans are NOT a parental/Ancestral population to Eurasians but rather a SISTER population to Eurasians. That is the goal. All aprat of the Eurasian shell game :
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