Underpants_Man,Most of the genetic studies cited in the studies are from modern Egyptians. To match modern with ancient populations you have to extract Dna from ancient bone material. Very little studies have been done on ancient remains in either dyanstic or pre-dyanstic Egypt. A Sweedish geneticist named Svante Paabo did conduct Dna studies on ancient remains from the 12th dyansty and found that some of the lineages were unknown and some connected back to sub-Saharan Africa. The way that geneticist do this is through PCR which allows peoples to reconstruct ancient Dna to extract genetic information from it. Anyway Paabo's studies can be found in the following book:
Pääbo, S. and Di Rienzo, A.: A molecular approach to the study of Egyptian history. In: Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt (Eds : Davies, V. , and Walker, R. ),British Museum Press, pp. 86-90 (1993).
Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt
edited by W. Vivian Davies and Roxie Walker
Additional studies by Paabo:
Salem, A.-H., Badr, F.M., Gaballah, M.F., and Pääbo, S.: The genetics of traditional living: Ychromosomal and mitochondrial lineages in the Sinai Peninsula. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 59: 741-743 (1996).
Pääbo, S. : DNA is preserved in ancient Egyptian mummies. In: Science in Egyptology ( Ed David, A.R. ), Manchester Univ. Press, pp. 383-388 (1986).
. Pääbo, S. and Di Rienzo, A.: A molecular approach to the study of Egyptian history. In:Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt Eds : Davies, V. , and Walker, R.),British Museum Press, pp. 86-90 (1993).
. Höss, M., Handt, O., and Pääbo, S.: Recreating the past by PCR. In: The Polymerase ChainReaction (Eds: Mullis, K.B., Ferré, F., and Gibbs, R.A.), Birkhauser, Boston, pp. 257-264(1994).
http://email.eva.mpg.de/~paabo/pdf1/Publications_Paabo.pdf.
Svante Pääbo
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v314/n6012/abs/314644a0.html
Jones, J. S. "Mummified Human DNA Cloned." Nature 314 (18 April 1985): 576.
Pääbo, S. "DNA is Preserved in Ancient Egyptian Mummies." In Science in Egyptology, ed. A. R. David, 283-88. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986.
Pääbo, S. "Molecular Cloning of Ancient Egyptian Mummy DNA." Nature 314 (18 April 1985): 644-45.
Pääbo, S. "Preservation of DNA in Ancient Egyptian Mummies." Journal of Archaeological Science 12 (1985): 411-17.(Palaeopathology--DNA Studies; Molecular Anthropology)
Pääbo, S. and Di Rienzo, A. "A Molecular Approach to the Study of Egyptian History." In Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt, ed. W. V. Davies and R. Walker, 86-90. London: British Museum Press, 1993.
Biological Anthropology and the Study of Ancient Egypt
edited by W. Vivian Davies and Roxie Walker
This volume presents the proceedings of an international colloquium held at the British Museum in 1990, which considered the contribution of biological anthropology to the study of ancient Egypt. The twenty papers by leading authorities, some concerned with general methods and approaches, others publishing the results of specific projects, include: Palaeopathology as science; Health in Pharaonic Egypt; What diseases plagued ancient Egyptians?; Dental anthropology of the Nile Valley; A molecular approach to the study of Egyptian history; The extraction and isolation of DNA from archaeological bone; The correlation of skeletal remains and burial goods from Naga-ed-Der N 7000; A historical flora of Egypt; Recent archaeobotanical research at the site of Memphis; Possible future directions of a bioanthropology of ancient Egypt. 196p with figs & 18 plates (British Museum Press 1993)
ISBN 0714109673
As far as the Dna extraction from the Pyramid workers is claimed that University of Cairo conducted this study. Since this study was never published in any book or publication we don't know exactly the specifics of the study. Usually such reserch is conducted in peer reviewed journals. However, if such data suggests that modern Egyptians are related to the ancient only confirms that modern Egyptians have the lineages of the ancient Egyptians. The following does not signify that modern Egyptians necessarily have the phenotype of the ancient Egyptians.
Most geneticist I have personally emailed have told me there is no specific allele,haloptype or any genetic marker that regulates bone morphology or phenotype.
Contrary to what white supremist claim, not Dna study has every pinpointed the ''race'' of the ancient Egyptians. PCR in the future might tell us more about halpotypes and alleles a mummified Egyptian remain has.
[This message has been edited by ausar (edited 21 October 2005).]
[This message has been edited by ausar (edited 21 October 2005).]
[This message has been edited by ausar (edited 21 October 2005).]