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DNA from 4,500-year-old Ethiopian reveals surprise about ancestry of Africans
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [qb] Sure, the Ari are the link in the middle and the non-Ari in question besides Mota are LBK and Sardinians. ======================================================================= [QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol # Ish Gebor: [qb] From surnames to the history of Y chromosomes: the Sardinian population as a paradigm Gianna Zei, Antonella Lisa, Ornella Fiorani, Chiara Magri, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Ornella Semino and A Silvana Santachiara-Benerecetti [IMG]http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v11/n10/images/5201040f2.gif[/IMG] Phylogenetic tree of the Y-chromosome haplotypes and their percent frequencies in the Sardinian samples carrying 'monophyletic' and 'polyphyletic' (50 out of 54 individuals) surnames. Data on Italian and Middle Eastern samples30 are also given for comparison. Numbering of mutations is according to the YCC:28 those examined in the present study are shown in bold face type; those inferred are shown in italics. Capital letters indicate haplogroups according to the YCC.28 *Ten and sharpone of these chromosomes were not tested for M26 because DNA was finished. One major 49a,f-YCAIIa-YCACIIb-DYS19 compound haplotype characterizes each haplogroup: c-Ht 49a,f-Ht5/YCAIIa-22/YCAIIb-19/DYS19-13 for [b]haplogroup E-M35;[/b] c-Ht 49a,f-Ht7/YCAIIa-22/YCAIIb-19/DYS19-14 for [b]J-12f2[/b], c-Ht 49a,f-Ht12/YCAIIa-21/YCAIIb-11/DYS19-17 for[b] I-M26;[/b] c-Ht 49a,f-Ht15/YCAIIa-23/YCAIIb-19/DYS19-14 for [b]R-M269[/b] and c-Ht 49a,f-Ht8/YCAIIa-20/YCAIIb-20/DYS19-15 for [b]G-M201.[/b] [IMG]https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_the_Italian_region_Sardinia.svg/320px-Flag_of_the_Italian_region_Sardinia.svg.png[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE]Patrol, what do you have on Italians? [/qb][/QUOTE]As of now not much, but I will do research on it. [QUOTE] In addition, the Neolithic revolution was assumed to arise in the late Pleistocene Natufians and subsequently spread into Anatolia and Europe (Bar-Yosef 2002), and the first Anatolian farmers, Neolithic to Bronze Age Mediterraneans and to some degree other Neolithic-Bronze Age Europeans, show morphological affinities with the Natufians (and indirectly with sub-Saharan populations; Angel 1972; Brace et al. 2005), in concordance with a process of demie diffusion accompanying the extension of the Neolithic revolution (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994)."[/QUOTE]--Cranial Discrete Traits in a Byzantine Population and Eastern Mediterranean Population Movements F. X. Ricaut, M. Waelkens. Human Biology, Volume 80, Number 5, October 2008, pp. 535-564 As was posted before: [QUOTE] However, the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago. [/QUOTE]--Mar ́ıa Cerezo, Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe Published in Advance March 27, 2012, doi: 10.1101/gr.134452.111 [QUOTE]Within E-M35, there are striking parallels between two haplogroups, E-V68 and E-V257. Both contain a lineage which has been frequently observed in Africa (E-M78 and E-M81, respectively) [6], [8], [10], [13]–[16] and [b]a group of undifferentiated chromosomes that are mostly found in southern Europe (Table S2)1[/b]. An expansion of E-M35 carriers, possibly from the Middle East as proposed by other Authors [14], and split into two branches separated by the geographic barrier of the Mediterranean Sea, would explain this geographic pattern. [b]However, the absence of E-V68* and E-V257* in the Middle East (Table S2) makes a maritime spread between northern Africa and southern Europe a more plausible hypothesis. [/b]A detailed analysis of the Y chromosomal microsatellite variation associated with E-V68 and E-V257 could help in gaining a better understanding of the likely timing and place of origin of these two haplogroups. [/QUOTE]--Beniamino Trombetta, Fulvio Cruciani et al. (2011) [/QB][/QUOTE]
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