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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Asar Imhotep: [qb] The problem with this analysis is that km.t, when referred to a country, is never without the suffixal -t. Secondly, one has not addressed the concept of paronymy in the Egyptian language. Thirdly, and the most important, the hieroglyphs clearly show the determinatives with irrigated land signs in its earliest attestation. All other variants from that point on is based on that model, nothing to do with blackness. You never see km.t written with ANY of the determinatives which would indicate color, like the curly piece of hair. When reviewing the living texts, they are always used in reference to a place/location. Here are all the instances of km.t in the WB. [QUOTE] kmtjw Ägypter Wb V S 128 kmtj [großes Gefäß aus Granit] Wb V S 128 kmt Ägypten Wb V S 126 kmt Ägypter Wb V S 127 kmt (vollständig) Bezahltes Wb V S 128 kmt Schwanz (des Krokodils) Wb V S 130 kmt [Bezeichnung für heilige schwarze Rinder] Wb V S 125 kmt [Göttin (schwarze Kuh)] Wb V S 125 kmt [Gerät] RdE 30 (1978) S 20; Meeks: AL 784397; Meeks: AL 793237 kmt [Krankheit] Wb V S 122 mdt-kmt ägyptische Sprache Wb V S 127 pt-n-kmt [Heliopolis] Wb I S 491 rA-n-kmt ägyptische Sprache Wb V S 127 [/QUOTE]Notice that km.t with the -t suffix is never defined as the word "black." This is because you will never find in an Egyptian text the word km.t used to describe any color. Like all European Egyptologists who don't understand African languages, they tried to force "black" on every reference of km; the same way all instances of nTr means "god." For instance, let's take the word kmt "the name of sacred black cattle." This is a misinterpretation. It is simply a word for "cattle." It is cognate with the word for cattle in the Nguni languages, [b]ngombi[/b]. The /g/ sound is the result of the preceding nasal which weakened the plosive. It's just a word for cow. Examining African languages puts all of these false entries to rest. This is why we need our own dictionaries that corrects these mistakes made by people like Gardiner, Grapow and others who did not examine African languages in the process. Dr. Mubabinge Bilolo has done a good job in starting with his Tshiluba/Egyptian/Coptic dictionary. Also, Dr. Kipkoeech Sambu has a sizable lexicon with Kalenjiin/Egyptian/Coptic. Only by exploring the African languages do we get at the heart of the matter. km.t = place/land/location/farm/livable land/land with water km.t DOES NOT = black; [/qb][/QUOTE]Interesting thanks for all the info. How many attestations is there of KMT with the determinative of irrigated land that you know of? What do mainstream linguists and egyptologists say about it? Did they missed it? Is it too new for them? I agree that having knowledge of African languages can provide knowledge not explored by most linguists and egyptologists (because they don't reconsider the classification of language families and their interrelation). As I said, it's more than probable that African populations sharing a common genetic history (like E-P2/PN2) also shared a common language in the past. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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