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There are 21 reasons we know Blacks were in America before Columbus. Mexicans look African because indigenious Mexicans carry between 5-50% African genes, while Mestizos’ African admixture ranges between 20-40% Due to African admixture modern Mexicans look like the Olmecs and Africans generally . . Researchers can not dispute any of the points below with scholarly evidence—only your personal opinions. .. 1) The original Maya beginning with the Ocos , as illustrated by their the art, were Black Native Americans;
2) The Paleo-Americans were Blacks. The Black Native Americans lived from Chiapas to Belize, Guatemala and Hondurus; Quatrefages and Rafinesque wrote about these Blacks
3) The root of the Mayan language is the Mande languages
4) The first Americans based on skeletal remains : Naia and Luzia were Negroes or Black
5) Black Africans according to researchers have been in Brazil since 100,000BC
6) The Khoisan took MtDNA haplogroups N and y-haplogroup E to Eurasia and the Americas
7) There are no “pure” Mexindians. Lisker noted that between 5-50% of Indian genes are African genes. See: Suarez-Diaz,(2014) Indigenous populations in Mexico. Medical anthropology in the Work of Ruben Lisker in the 1960’s. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 47 (p.117).
8) Mixe, Zenu , Wayuu and other Mexican groups with YAP+ associated A-G transition at DYS271, is of African origin.
10) Indian y-chromosome haplogroups C and D show African admixture at locus DYS271
11) The American haplogroups A and B are part of the haplogroup N macrohaplogroup Ch’ol and Chontal at Campeche carry R-M173, E1b1b, K and T.
12) Africans people carry mtDNA A common to mongoloid Native Americans and y-chromosome R, so they probably passed on these genes to mongoloid Native Americans
13) The Spanish explorers mentioned Black Nations and Black tribes in the Americas, they met, even before African slaves were landed in America
14) The Spanish said the Aztecs were Negroes.
15) The Olmec writing was brought from Africa to Mexico by the Mande
16. Vasco da Gama is said to have found information about the West Indies from Ahmad b. Majid, whom he met along the West Coast of Africa . Bazan, R.A.G. (1967). Latin America the Arabs and Islam,,Muslim World, pp.284-292.
17) The Mande built pyramids in Africa from Libya to the Niger Valley.
18) Africans had the boats capable of sailing to the Americas.
19) Black Native Mayan people have left iconography in the sub-pyramids at Tikal, San Bartolo and Xultun murals which depict the creators of these monuments as Negroes or Blacks
20) Ancient Mayan Skeletons carried sickle cell.
21. There are no “pure” Mexindians. Lisker noted that between 5-50% of Indian genes are African genes. See: Suarez-Diaz,(2014) Indigenous populations in Mexico. Medical anthropology in the Work of Ruben Lisker in the 1960’s. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 47 (p.117).
-------------------- C. A. Winters Posts: 13012 | From: Chicago | Registered: Jan 2006
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Clyde, there is a difference between saying that pre-Colombian populations had "black skin" and pre-Colombians being Africans. It is no different than saying Australian Aborigines have black skin. But Australian Aborigines are not Africans. There is a big difference.
Proving any direct contacts between Africa and the Pre Columbian Americas will require some actual DNA.
We know that Native Americans come in a variety of complexions as part of the history of natural diversity. That doesn't automatically mean that dark skin equals proof of direct African contact.
Most scholars today are leaning towards a South Asian and Pacific component of early migrants into the Americas which would much more resemble Asian aboriginal types. Hence the Luzia skull. That does not mean Luzia was a direct migrant from Africa.
I agree that part of the problem here is that most of the time the original people of the Americas are depicted as very light skinned people which is simply not accurate. There was a lot more diversity in the Americas and even researchers from Brazil continue this perception with the Luzia skull:
quote: "Surprisingly, the members of this first lineage of South Americans left no identifiable descendants among today’s Amerindians," he said. "Some 9,000 years ago their DNA disappears completely from the fossil samples, and is replaced by DNA from the first migratory wave, prior to the Clovis culture. All living Amerindians are descendants of this first wave. We don’t yet know why the genetic stock of the Lagoa Santa people disappeared."
quote:Originally posted by Doug M: Clyde, there is a difference between saying that pre-Colombian populations had "black skin" and pre-Colombians being Africans. It is no different than saying Australian Aborigines have black skin. But Australian Aborigines are not Africans. There is a big difference.
Proving any direct contacts between Africa and the Pre Columbian Americas will require some actual DNA.
We know that Native Americans come in a variety of complexions as part of the history of natural diversity. That doesn't automatically mean that dark skin equals proof of direct African contact.
Most scholars today are leaning towards a South Asian and Pacific component of early migrants into the Americas which would much more resemble Asian aboriginal types. Hence the Luzia skull. That does not mean Luzia was a direct migrant from Africa.
I agree that part of the problem here is that most of the time the original people of the Americas are depicted as very light skinned people which is simply not accurate. There was a lot more diversity in the Americas and even researchers from Brazil continue this perception with the Luzia skull:
quote: "Surprisingly, the members of this first lineage of South Americans left no identifiable descendants among today’s Amerindians," he said. "Some 9,000 years ago their DNA disappears completely from the fossil samples, and is replaced by DNA from the first migratory wave, prior to the Clovis culture. All living Amerindians are descendants of this first wave. We don’t yet know why the genetic stock of the Lagoa Santa people disappeared."
This implies that the features of the Luzia skull also disappeared and that simply is not the case.
.
This has nothing to do with Mexico. forty-four percent of Wayuu carry R1. This suggest they have African ancestry and would explain her dark complexion. .
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See his lecture: Dan Von Hoyel ~ Black Before Columbus Came: The African Discovery of America, egyptsearch.com Posts: 22234 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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