posted
Where do some White supremacist get off claiming to have something to do with the creation of civilization, but they can never seem to name this ancient Atlantean Aryan civilization that the colored folks kept trying to gain entrance into lol. Notice all that they do in debates is try to make us doubt if people were Black throughout various parts of the World. Whilst the whites can almost never be noted.
We know that Greece and later Rome were Black in their initial conceptions, and became a racially cosmopolitan region. Whites like to whiten this mesh of races and appropriate it as a "white accomplishment" lol. They are delusional.
We know that Greece and later Rome were Black in their initial conceptions, and became a racially cosmopolitan region. Whites like to whiten this mesh of races and appropriate it as a "white accomplishment" lol. They are delusional. [/QB]
Smh...
Posts: 1779 | From: Somewhere In the Rif Mountains | Registered: Nov 2021
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We know that Greece and later Rome were Black in their initial conceptions, and became a racially cosmopolitan region.
how do you know this?
This has been known.
"THE MEDITERRANEAN RACE
Preface
WHEN this little book was first published in an Italian edition in 1895, and in a German edition in 1897, I was still unable to obtain many anthropological data needed to complete tha picture of the primitive inhabitants of Europe. In the English edition the book is less incomplete, richer in anthropological and ethnological documents, and hence more conclusive; it also contains replies to various objections which have been brought forward. This English edition, therefore, is not so much a translation of a work already published as a new book, both in form and arrangement
The conclusions I have sought to maintain are the following :- +
(1.) The primitive populations of Europe, after Homo Neandertkalensis, originated in Africa; these constituted the entire population of Neolithic times.
(2.) The basin of the Mediterranean was the chief centre of movement whence the African migrations reached the centre and the north of Europe.
(3.) From the great African stock were formed three varieties, in accordance with differing telluric and geographic conditions: one,.,peculiarly African, remaining in the continent where it originated; another, .the Mediterranean, which occupied the basin of that sea; and a third, the Nordtic:, which reached the north of Europe. These three varieties are the three great branches of one species, which I call Eurafrican, because it occupied, and still occupies, a large portion of the two continents of Africa and Europe.
(4) These three human varieties have nothing in common with the so-called Aryan races ; it is an error to maintain that the Germans and the Scandinavians, blond dolichocephals or long-heads (of the Reihengraber and Viking types), are Aryans; they . are Eurafricans of the Nordic variety.
(5.) The Aryans are of Asiatic origin , and constitute a variety of the Eurafrican: species,• the physical characters of their skeletons are different from those of the Eurafricans.
(6.) The primitive civilisation of the Eurafricans is Afro-Mediterranean , becoming eventually AfroEuropean.
(7.) The Mycenrean civilisation had its origin in Asia , and was transformed by diffusion in the Mediterranean.
(8.) The two classic civilisations, Greek and Latin; were not Aryan, but Mediterranean. The Aryans were savages when they invaded Europe: they destroyed in part the superior civilisation of the Neolithic populations, and could not have created the Greco-Latin civilization
(9.) In the course of the Aryan invasions the languages of the Eurafrican species in Europe were transformed in Italy, Greece, and elsewhere, Celtic, German, Slavonic, etc., being genuine branches of the Aryan tongue; in other cases the Aryan languages underwent a transformation, preserving some elements of the conquered tongues, as in the NeoCeltic of Wales. Some of these conclusions no longer arouse the same opposition as when I first brought them forward. The arguments meeting with most resistance are those tending to overthrow the ancient conception of an Aryan civilization.
THE FUTURE WILL ENABLE US TO SEE THESE QUESTIONS MORE CLEARLY. G. SERGI.
2019 Archaeological discovery of the ancient kham deity Hathor being depicted on jewelry recently unearthed in an ancient Greek tomb. Thus further confirming the ancient Nile Valley origins of Aegean civilization.
DNA analysis prove that the genetic origins of Minoan and the ancient Mycenaean civilizations were genetically linked to the Africoid populations who descended from the original "Negroid" Natufian population who spread from Africa into Canaan and northward into Turkey.
"DNA analysis has revealed that two ancient civilizations in Greece were related and shared common ancestors that travelled from modern day Turkey. Scientists believe that the Minoans and Mycenaens were descended from early Neolithic farmer s who migrated from Anatolia to Greece and Crete.
"The surprise is that the Neolithic peoples of Europe and their Bronze Age successors are not closely related to the modern inhabitants ... It is a further surprise that the Epipalaeolithic Natufian of Israel from whom the Neolithic realm was assumed to arise has a clear link to Sub-Saharan Africa. ” (Brace et. al. (2006). The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form."
and
"Other studied populations belong to the old Mediterranean substratum, which has been present in the area since pre-Neolithic times. This study indicates a higher proportion of Iberian than Arab ancestry in Tunisian Berbers, which is of value in evaluating the evolutionary history of present-day Tunisians. Greeks seem to share genetic HLA features (Chr 6) with Sub-Saharans. The relatedness of Greeks to Sub-Saharans has been confirmed by other studies based on chromosome 7 genetic markers. Ann Hum Biol. (2010 Jul 29).HLA class I and class II polymorphisms in Tunisian Berbers.
posted
So since Greece and Rome were never "white civilizations", can anyone name any white civilizations throughout history?
We have plenty of all Black civilizations starting with the World's first civilization Nubia-early Kemet to recent African civilizations
We Blacks managed to make many distinct types of civilizations all by our Black selves, but it has never been pointed out to the necessary degree that whites have always struggled to make their own civilization. Even in America when whites first came to America without enslaved Black persons (neverminded the ones who they ran into here) there were several failed attempts by Europeans to survive without a significant body of Black people to help them. In America TODAY it would NEVER have existed if Black people did not fight for it, invented over 80% of all practical inventions/all of it's worth mentioning culture. and provide the Capital that the new nation needed to have it's head start.
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: there are some threads evolving now along the lines of white vs black, or black vs white
I may have to shut them down soon
Also this wouldn't be a reaction to the fact that you obviously have nothing to refute that ancient Greece was originally of Black African stock will it?
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] there are some threads evolving now along the lines of white vs black, or black vs white
I may have to shut them down soon
Also this wouldn't be a reaction to the fact that you obviously have nothing to refute that ancient Greece was originally of Black African stock will it?
there is nothing to refute you are not presenting anything dealing with the Greek civilization period starting around 1200 BC
What are you talking about? The Minoan and Myceneans civilizations have been biologically connected to the "Negroid" African.
"It is a further surprise that the Epipalaeolithic Natufian of Israel from whom the Neolithic realm was assumed to arise has a clear link to Sub-Saharan Africa ... Interestingly enough, however, the small Natufian sample falls between the Niger-Congo group and the other samples used... This placement suggests that there may have been a Sub-Saharan African element in the make-up of the Natufians (the putative ancestors of the subsequent Neolithic.." (C.L Brace, et. al. 2005. The Questionable contribution of the Neolithic...)
These Negroid migrants into Europe (and later ones) are the foundation of the Greek and Roman civilization as my sources presented stated. The Etruscans who came from this same Negroid stock are the foundation of Roman civilization;
quote: or the Roman civilization starting around 750 BC
Rome knowningly borrowed all of it's elements of civilization from the Greek civilization, which we all know comes from Black African civilization.
quote: and you have not stated what definition of "black" you are using
Melaninated people of African origin. Nothing complicated about that. The Greek civilization came from African migrants, as we can see with the sickle cell in modern Greece.
quote: and you are also race baiting without any actual quote of someone saying something about an "ancient Atlantean Aryan civilization"
So now according to you white supremacy's imprint in modern history is a phantom. Whites using lies that they tell about our past to justify doing wicked actions is now figment of our Black imaginations? If not then their notion of "not having civilzation" needs to be pointed at them for once. You have trolls coming here trying to make argument of "what is Black" and all of that crazy stuff to keep Black people from taking pride in laying down civilization on this Earth. I'm not hearing any of that nonsense.
quote:^^ this 120 year old book is far too old to be current scientific knowledge
Everything from the Neolithic Negroid Africans migrating from Africa through the Levant into Europe and the "Aryan invasion" of the late Bronze age is all detailed in this study;
"Sub-Saharan" genetic elements found as far afield as the Turkish and Greek regions
F. X. Ricaut, M. Waelkens. (2008). Cranial Discrete Traits in a Byzantine Population and Eastern Mediterranean Population Movements Human Biology - Volume 80, Number 5, October 2008, pp. 535-564
"A late Pleistocene-early Holocene northward migration (from Africa to the Levant and to Anatolia) of these populations has been hypothesized from skeletal data (Angel 1972, 1973; Brace 2005) and from archaeological data, as indicated by the probable Nile Valley origin of the "Mesolithic" (epi-Paleolithic) Mushabi culture found in the Levant (Bar Yosef 1987). This migration finds some support in the presence in Mediterranean populations (Sicily, Greece, southern Turkey, etc.; Patrinos et al.; Schiliro et al. 1990) of the Benin sickle cell haplotype. This haplotype originated in West Africa and is probably associated with the spread of malaria to southern Europe through an eastern Mediterranean route (Salares et al. 2004) following the expansion of both human and mosquito populations brought about by the advent of the Neolithic transition (Hume et al 2003; Joy et al. 2003; Rich et al 1998). T his northward migration of northeastern African populations carrying sub-Saharan biological elements is concordant with the morphological homogeneity of the Natufian populations (Bocquentin 2003), which present morphological affinity with sub-Saharan populations (Angel 1972; Brace et al. 2005). In addition, the Neolithic revolution was assumed to arise in the late Pleistocene Natufians and subsequently spread into Anatolia and Europe (Bar-Yosef 2002), and the first Anatolian farmers, Neolithic to Bronze Age Mediterraneans and to some degree other Neolithic-Bronze Age Europeans, show morphological affinities with the Natufians (and indirectly with sub-Saharan populations; Angel 1972; Brace et al 2005), in concordance with a process of demic diffusion accompanying the extension of the Neolithic revolution (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994)."
"Following the numerous interactions among eastern Mediterranean and Levantine populations and regions, caused by the introduction of agriculture from the Levant into Anatolia and southeastern Europe, there was, beginning in the Bronze Age, a period of increasing interactions in the eastern Mediterranean, mainly during the Greek, Roman, and Islamic periods. These interactions resulted in the development of trading networks, military campaigns, and settler colonization. Major changes took place during this period, which may have accentuated or diluted the sub-Saharan components of earlier Anatolian populations. The second option seems more likely, because even though the population from Sagalassos territory was interacting with northeastern African and Levantine populations [trade relationships with Egypt (Arndt et al. 2003), involvement of thousands of mercenaries from Pisidia (Sagalassos region) in the war around 300 B.C. between the Ptolemaic kingdom (centered in Egypt) and the Seleucid kingdom (Syria/Mesopotamia/Anatolia), etc.], the major cultural and population interactions involving the Anatolian populations since the Bronze Age occurred with the Mediterranean populations form southeastern Europe, as suggested from historical and genetic data."
""In this context it is likely that Bronze Age events may have facilitated the southward diffusion of populations carrying northern and central European biological elements and may have contributed to some degree of admixture between northern and central Europeans and Anatolians, and on a larger scale, between northeastern Mediterraneans and Anatolians. Even if we do not know which populations were involved, historical and archaeological data suggest, for instance, the 2nd millennium B.C. Minoan and later Mycenaean occupation of Anatolian coast, the arrival in Anatolia in the early 1st millennium B.C. of the Phrygians coming from Thrace, and later the arrival of settlers from Macedonia in Pisidia and in the Sagalassos territory (under Seleucid rule). The coming of the Dorians from Northern Greece and central Europe (the Dorians are claimed to be one of the main groups at the origin of the ancient Greeks) may have also brought northern and central European biological elements into southern populations. Indeed, the Dorians may have migrated southward to the Peloponnese, across the southern Aegean and Create, and later reached Asia Minor."
You want to bury the conclusions that this researcher allowed the evidence to lead him to 100 years ago while ignoring the fact that ten years ago all of the evidence is leading to the exact same conclusion. This study above is a PC version of what Sergi said in the early 1900's is it not?
We know that Greece and later Rome were Black in their initial conceptions, and became a racially cosmopolitan region. Whites like to whiten this mesh of races and appropriate it as a "white accomplishment" lol. They are delusional.
Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
posted
Sorry if sumpin similar already posted, found this thread just now
Used by indie black scholars of Africana since first published, many ESers objected to its infos, chastised me for promoting a yte racist Medicentrist. Oh these 21st century Afrocentric-know-nothings who refuse to learn from and sit astride Giants' shoulders to raise the next generation's storey of a building what should be a received tradition skyscraper, each Midget now vociferous in adamantly preferring their own lil fresh start sub-basement.
Afaic, great contribution BiggO. You may wanna go back and edit for "Eurasia"
Nah no anecdote what it took me to Sergi back inda day, just thankful enquiring minds can download it just, < oh > snap, like that.
Sergi was lionized by many for the audacity to st8 ⬆ rebuke his assembled professional colleagues "If they are black how can they be white?"
And of course Cordova's charts remain very resourceful. Should be in HC and on vendors tables and booksellers' inventory. Dunno what the fokker's waitin for? A kick start in the asz to get im going? ??
Starts on p95, flip backward < over a decade and BCP hasn't corrected for this yet?! SMH negroes >
quote:Originally posted by Big O:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Big O:
We know that Greece and later Rome were Black in their initial conceptions, and became a racially cosmopolitan region.
how do you know this?
This has been known.
"THE MEDITERRANEAN RACE
Preface
WHEN this little book was first published in an Italian edition in 1895, and in a German edition in 1897, I was still unable to obtain many anthropological data needed to complete tha picture of the primitive inhabitants of Europe. In the English edition the book is less incomplete, richer in anthropological and ethnological documents, and hence more conclusive; it also contains replies to various objections which have been brought forward. This English edition, therefore, is not so much a translation of a work already published as a new book, both in form and arrangement
The conclusions I have sought to maintain are the following :- +
(1.) The primitive populations of Europe, after Homo Neandertkalensis, originated in Africa; these constituted the entire population of Neolithic times.
(2.) The basin of the Mediterranean was the chief centre of movement whence the African migrations reached the centre and the north of Europe.
(3.) From the great African stock were formed three varieties, in accordance with differing telluric and geographic conditions: one,.,peculiarly African, remaining in the continent where it originated; another, .the Mediterranean, which occupied the basin of that sea; and a third, the Nordtic:, which reached the north of Europe. These three varieties are the three great branches of one species, which I call Eurafrican, because it occupied, and still occupies, a large portion of the two continents of Africa and Europe.
(4) These three human varieties have nothing in common with the so-called Aryan races ; it is an error to maintain that the Germans and the Scandinavians, blond dolichocephals or long-heads (of the Reihengraber and Viking types), are Aryans; they . are Eurafricans of the Nordic variety.
(5.) The Aryans are of Asiatic origin , and constitute a variety of the Eurafrican: species,• the physical characters of their skeletons are different from those of the Eurafricans.
(6.) The primitive civilisation of the Eurafricans is Afro-Mediterranean , becoming eventually AfroEuropean.
(7.) The Mycenrean civilisation had its origin in Asia , and was transformed by diffusion in the Mediterranean.
(8.) The two classic civilisations, Greek and Latin; were not Aryan, but Mediterranean. The Aryans were savages when they invaded Europe: they destroyed in part the superior civilisation of the Neolithic populations, and could not have created the Greco-Latin civilization
(9.) In the course of the Aryan invasions the languages of the Eurafrican species in Europe were transformed in Italy, Greece, and elsewhere, Celtic, German, Slavonic, etc., being genuine branches of the Aryan tongue; in other cases the Aryan languages underwent a transformation, preserving some elements of the conquered tongues, as in the NeoCeltic of Wales. Some of these conclusions no longer arouse the same opposition as when I first brought them forward. The arguments meeting with most resistance are those tending to overthrow the ancient conception of an Aryan civilization.
THE FUTURE WILL ENABLE US TO SEE THESE QUESTIONS MORE CLEARLY. G. SERGI.
quote:Originally posted by Tukuler: Sorry if sumpin similar already posted, found this thread just now
Used by indie black scholars of Africana since first published, many ESers objected to its infos, chastised me for promoting a yte racist Medicentrist. Oh these 21st century Afrocentric-know-nothings who refuse to learn from and sit astride Giants' shoulders to raise the next generation's storey of a building what should be a received tradition skyscraper, each Midget now vociferous in adamantly preferring their own lil fresh start sub-basement.
Afaic, great contribution BiggO. You may wanna go back and edit for "Eurasia"
Nah no anecdote what it took me to Sergi back inda day, just thankful enquiring minds can download it just, < oh > snap, like that.
Sergi was lionized by many for the audacity to st8 ⬆ rebuke his assembled professional colleagues "If they are black how can they be white?"
And of course Cordova's charts remain very resourceful. Should be in HC and on vendors tables and booksellers' inventory. Dunno what the fokker's waitin for? A kick start in the asz to get im going? ??
quote:Originally posted by Big O:
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
quote:Originally posted by Big O:
We know that Greece and later Rome were Black in their initial conceptions, and became a racially cosmopolitan region.
how do you know this?
This has been known.
"THE MEDITERRANEAN RACE
Preface
WHEN this little book was first published in an Italian edition in 1895, and in a German edition in 1897, I was still unable to obtain many anthropological data needed to complete tha picture of the primitive inhabitants of Europe. In the English edition the book is less incomplete, richer in anthropological and ethnological documents, and hence more conclusive; it also contains replies to various objections which have been brought forward. This English edition, therefore, is not so much a translation of a work already published as a new book, both in form and arrangement
The conclusions I have sought to maintain are the following :- +
(1.) The primitive populations of Europe, after Homo Neandertkalensis, originated in Africa; these constituted the entire population of Neolithic times.
(2.) The basin of the Mediterranean was the chief centre of movement whence the African migrations reached the centre and the north of Europe.
(3.) From the great African stock were formed three varieties, in accordance with differing telluric and geographic conditions: one,.,peculiarly African, remaining in the continent where it originated; another, .the Mediterranean, which occupied the basin of that sea; and a third, the Nordtic:, which reached the north of Europe. These three varieties are the three great branches of one species, which I call Eurafrican, because it occupied, and still occupies, a large portion of the two continents of Africa and Europe.
(4) These three human varieties have nothing in common with the so-called Aryan races ; it is an error to maintain that the Germans and the Scandinavians, blond dolichocephals or long-heads (of the Reihengraber and Viking types), are Aryans; they . are Eurafricans of the Nordic variety.
(5.) The Aryans are of Asiatic origin , and constitute a variety of the Eurafrican: species,• the physical characters of their skeletons are different from those of the Eurafricans.
(6.) The primitive civilisation of the Eurafricans is Afro-Mediterranean , becoming eventually AfroEuropean.
(7.) The Mycenrean civilisation had its origin in Asia , and was transformed by diffusion in the Mediterranean.
(8.) The two classic civilisations, Greek and Latin; were not Aryan, but Mediterranean. The Aryans were savages when they invaded Europe: they destroyed in part the superior civilisation of the Neolithic populations, and could not have created the Greco-Latin civilization
(9.) In the course of the Aryan invasions the languages of the Eurafrican species in Europe were transformed in Italy, Greece, and elsewhere, Celtic, German, Slavonic, etc., being genuine branches of the Aryan tongue; in other cases the Aryan languages underwent a transformation, preserving some elements of the conquered tongues, as in the NeoCeltic of Wales. Some of these conclusions no longer arouse the same opposition as when I first brought them forward. The arguments meeting with most resistance are those tending to overthrow the ancient conception of an Aryan civilization.
THE FUTURE WILL ENABLE US TO SEE THESE QUESTIONS MORE CLEARLY. G. SERGI.
Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
posted
Orij post edited Big O, scroll up n check the additions
=-=-=-=
For fox sake nobody ever pulls out a garbage quote from 100 yr and older anthropologists in non-Africana studies. They build up from and on some list like this plagiarized and cannabalized info from the Wiki
François Bernier 1684 Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it")
In the 18th century the differences among human groups became a focus of "scientific" investigation. This "scientific" classification of phenotypic variation was frequently coupled with racist ideas about innate predispositions of different groups, always attributing the most desirable features to the White,
< review the few short paragraphs from Manansala's primer posted in another thread >
European race and arranging the other races along a continuum of progressively undesirable attributes.
Carl Linnaeus 1735 inventor of zoological taxonomy, divided the human species Homo sapiens into continental varieties of * europaeus * asiaticus * americanus, and * afer Homo sapiens europaeus was described as active, acute, and adventurous, whereas Homo sapiens afer was said to be crafty, lazy, and careless.
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach 1775 The Natural Varieties of Mankind five major divisions: Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Ethiopian (renamed Negroid < uh oh > ), American Indian, and Malayan race. Blumenbach noted graded transitions < clines> in appearance from one group < cluster > to geographic adjacent group suggesting that
"one variety of mankind does so insensibly pass into the other, that you cannot mark out the limits between them".
< See? That concept's as old as America's founding, yet race deniers always say race no no science cos no discernible borders SMH >
These five groups saw some continuity in the various classification schemes of the 19th century, in some cases augmented, eg by Australoid and Capoid races and Mongoloid collapsed with American as a single group. 17th through 20th century folk beliefs about group differences interlaced "scientific" explanations of those differences.
Accordingly, anthropology's races are primordial, natural, enduring and distinct. Some groups may result from mixture between formerly distinct populations, but careful study could distinguish the ancestral races that had combined to produce admixed groups. < Everybody say Modern Genomist ADMIXTURE Kcraze >
"Objective scientists" Georges Buffon, Petrus Camper and Christoph Meiners all classified "Negros" as inferior to Europeans.
* Louis Agassiz twelve. < anti-blk Ancient Egyptians hyper-racist Nott & Gliddon (link) relied on him >
* Charles Pickering eleven.
Biological race took off and flew. Francis Galton and Alphonse Bertillon's anthropometrics measured the shapes and sizes of skulls to relate the results to group intelligence etc. Part of the characteristics and capabilities once openly included in school taught anthropology and likely to be reintroduced into form school classes if the new Weimar Republic-an Party wins.
quote:Originally posted by Big O: Where do some White supremacist get off claiming to have something to do with the creation of civilization, but they can never seem to name this ancient Atlantean Aryan civilization that the colored folks kept trying to gain entrance into lol. Notice all that they do in debates is try to make us doubt if people were Black throughout various parts of the World. Whilst the whites can almost never be noted.
We know that Greece and later Rome were Black in their initial conceptions, and became a racially cosmopolitan region. Whites like to whiten this mesh of races and appropriate it as a "white accomplishment" lol. They are delusional.
Well, it sure wasn't Rome:
Previous anthropological investigations at Trentholme Drive, in Roman York identified an unusual amount of cranial variation amongst the inhabitants, with some individuals suggested as having originated from the Middle East or North Africa. The current study investigates the validity of this assessment using modern anthropological methods to assess cranial variation in two groups: The Railway and Trentholme Drive. Strontium and oxygen isotope evidence derived from the dentition of 43 of these individuals was combined with the craniometric data to provide information on possible levels of migration and the range of homelands that may be represented. The results of the craniometric analysis indicated that the majority of the York population had European origins, but that 11% of the Trentholme Drive and 12% of The Railway study samples were likely of African decent. Oxygen analysis identified four incomers, three from areas warmer than the UK and one from a cooler or more continental climate. Although based on a relatively small sample of the overall population at York, this multidisciplinary approach made it possible to identify incomers, both men and women, from across the Empire. Evidence for possible second generation migrants was also suggested. The results confirm the presence of a heterogeneous population resident in York and highlight the diversity, rather than the uniformity, of the population in Roman Britain.
Leach S, Lewis M, Chenery C, Müldner G, Eckardt H. Migration and diversity in Roman Britain: a multidisciplinary approach to the identification of immigrants in Roman York, England. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009 Nov;140(3):546-61. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21104. PMID: 19530143.
quote:Originally posted by Big O: Where do some White supremacist get off claiming to have something to do with the creation of civilization, but they can never seem to name this ancient Atlantean Aryan civilization that the colored folks kept trying to gain entrance into lol. Notice all that they do in debates is try to make us doubt if people were Black throughout various parts of the World. Whilst the whites can almost never be noted.
We know that Greece and later Rome were Black in their initial conceptions, and became a racially cosmopolitan region. Whites like to whiten this mesh of races and appropriate it as a "white accomplishment" lol. They are delusional.
Well, it sure wasn't Rome:
Previous anthropological investigations at Trentholme Drive, in Roman York identified an unusual amount of cranial variation amongst the inhabitants, with some individuals suggested as having originated from the Middle East or North Africa. The current study investigates the validity of this assessment using modern anthropological methods to assess cranial variation in two groups: The Railway and Trentholme Drive. Strontium and oxygen isotope evidence derived from the dentition of 43 of these individuals was combined with the craniometric data to provide information on possible levels of migration and the range of homelands that may be represented. The results of the craniometric analysis indicated that the majority of the York population had European origins, but that 11% of the Trentholme Drive and 12% of The Railway study samples were likely of African decent. Oxygen analysis identified four incomers, three from areas warmer than the UK and one from a cooler or more continental climate. Although based on a relatively small sample of the overall population at York, this multidisciplinary approach made it possible to identify incomers, both men and women, from across the Empire. Evidence for possible second generation migrants was also suggested. The results confirm the presence of a heterogeneous population resident in York and highlight the diversity, rather than the uniformity, of the population in Roman Britain.
Leach S, Lewis M, Chenery C, Müldner G, Eckardt H. Migration and diversity in Roman Britain: a multidisciplinary approach to the identification of immigrants in Roman York, England. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009 Nov;140(3):546-61. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21104. PMID: 19530143.
"African" doesn't mean black, many north african soldiers actually were used as auxiliaries in many roman campaigns.
As for black people during those times :
quote: In later periods blacks did not form much of an actual presence in the Greek and Roman worlds. They were regarded as remarkable, but relatively few of them lived among the Greeks and Romans and no country inhabited by a majority of blacks was ever part of the Greek and Roman empires. They were present in fifth-century Athens, but as a rare and expensive type of slave, the possession of which enhanced the status of the owner (Miller 1997: 212–17).
quote: it seems that many Romans were distinctly prejudiced against black people in particular. Black Africans were seen as exotic, and perhaps threateningly alien, and they are seldom if ever mentioned in Roman literature without some negative connotation. Most disturbingly, the historian Appian claims that the military commander Brutus, before the battle of Philippi in 42BC, met an ‘Ethiopian’ outside the gates of his camp: his soldiers instantly hacked the man to pieces, taking his appearance for a bad omen – to the superstitious Roman, black was the colour of death.
quote:Originally posted by Big O: Where do some White supremacist get off claiming to have something to do with the creation of civilization, but they can never seem to name this ancient Atlantean Aryan civilization that the colored folks kept trying to gain entrance into lol. Notice all that they do in debates is try to make us doubt if people were Black throughout various parts of the World. Whilst the whites can almost never be noted.
We know that Greece and later Rome were Black in their initial conceptions, and became a racially cosmopolitan region. Whites like to whiten this mesh of races and appropriate it as a "white accomplishment" lol. They are delusional.
Well, it sure wasn't Rome:
Previous anthropological investigations at Trentholme Drive, in Roman York identified an unusual amount of cranial variation amongst the inhabitants, with some individuals suggested as having originated from the Middle East or North Africa. The current study investigates the validity of this assessment using modern anthropological methods to assess cranial variation in two groups: The Railway and Trentholme Drive. Strontium and oxygen isotope evidence derived from the dentition of 43 of these individuals was combined with the craniometric data to provide information on possible levels of migration and the range of homelands that may be represented. The results of the craniometric analysis indicated that the majority of the York population had European origins, but that 11% of the Trentholme Drive and 12% of The Railway study samples were likely of African decent. Oxygen analysis identified four incomers, three from areas warmer than the UK and one from a cooler or more continental climate. Although based on a relatively small sample of the overall population at York, this multidisciplinary approach made it possible to identify incomers, both men and women, from across the Empire. Evidence for possible second generation migrants was also suggested. The results confirm the presence of a heterogeneous population resident in York and highlight the diversity, rather than the uniformity, of the population in Roman Britain.
Leach S, Lewis M, Chenery C, Müldner G, Eckardt H. Migration and diversity in Roman Britain: a multidisciplinary approach to the identification of immigrants in Roman York, England. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009 Nov;140(3):546-61. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21104. PMID: 19530143.
"African" doesn't mean black, many north african soldiers actually were used as auxiliaries in many roman campaigns.
As for black people during those times :
quote: In later periods blacks did not form much of an actual presence in the Greek and Roman worlds. They were regarded as remarkable, but relatively few of them lived among the Greeks and Romans and no country inhabited by a majority of blacks was ever part of the Greek and Roman empires. They were present in fifth-century Athens, but as a rare and expensive type of slave, the possession of which enhanced the status of the owner (Miller 1997: 212–17).
quote: it seems that many Romans were distinctly prejudiced against black people in particular. Black Africans were seen as exotic, and perhaps threateningly alien, and they are seldom if ever mentioned in Roman literature without some negative connotation. Most disturbingly, the historian Appian claims that the military commander Brutus, before the battle of Philippi in 42BC, met an ‘Ethiopian’ outside the gates of his camp: his soldiers instantly hacked the man to pieces, taking his appearance for a bad omen – to the superstitious Roman, black was the colour of death.
So YOU confirm that Greece and Rome were NEVER all white civilizations. Not only that, but you have NO ANSWER to the clear fact that the populations that formed the base for the these "European civilizations" were Black African migrants.
That being the case white people have never created a civilization without the aid of Black people (unless there are other European civilization that we have not been taught about). Black people have created countless civilization on our own. How then could whites for centuries so adamantly claim to be contributors to something that they could not create from themselves? So it does not take mulatto Black people to contribute to make African civilization (which is what you were attempting to argue with ancient Kham correct?), rather it's the opposite. The common denominator in civilization is Black blood. If this is the case why do whites go to great lengths (lying and censoring the truth) to deny the African origins of civilization?
You can read here how whites are trying to keep Blacks on the defensive about our contributions to civilization (actually creating the concept) while never admitting that Whites never created their own civilization. That's not even mentioning that modern European culture is based almost exclusively on the borrowing of Near Eastern religions, and nothing indigenous to white Europeans. Notice how they are trying to make Blacks settle for recent civilizations in Africa rather than acknowledging that Blacks are the creators of all civilization in Africa, early Asia and Europe.
quote:Originally posted by Big O: So YOU confirm that Greece and Rome were NEVER all white civilizations. Not only that, but you have NO ANSWER to the clear fact that the populations that formed the base for the these "European civilizations" were Black African migrants.
That being the case white people have never created a civilization without the aid of Black people (unless there are other European civilization that we have not been taught about). Black people have created countless civilization on our own. How then could whites for centuries so adamantly claim to be contributors to something that they could not create from themselves? So it does not take mulatto Black people to contribute to make African civilization (which is what you were attempting to argue with ancient Kham correct?), rather it's the opposite. The common denominator in civilization is Black blood.
What does that even mean ? "White" back then had no meaning certainly not the way its understood in the US. These civilizations appeared in Europe and "black african migrants" were certainly not at the base of it. We already have samples from early periods of Greece and Rome and there is nothing "black" about it.
You should deal with your inferiority complex because it pushes you to defend pseudo-scientific thesis and you seem quite emotional about all of this. Calm yourself please.
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quote:Originally posted by Antalas: [QUOTE]Originally posted by Big O: So YOU confirm that Greece and Rome were NEVER all white civilizations. Not only that, but you have NO ANSWER to the clear fact that the populations that formed the base for the these "European civilizations" were Black African migrants.
That being the case white people have never created a civilization without the aid of Black people (unless there are other European civilization that we have not been taught about). Black people have created countless civilization on our own. How then could whites for centuries so adamantly claim to be contributors to something that they could not create from themselves? So it does not take mulatto Black people to contribute to make African civilization (which is what you were attempting to argue with ancient Kham correct?), rather it's the opposite. The common denominator in civilization is Black blood.
quote:What does that even mean ? "White" back then had no meaning certainly not the way its understood in the US. These civilizations appeared in Europe and "black african migrants" were certainly not at the base of it. We already have samples from early periods of Greece and Rome and there is nothing "black" about it.
Oh so you're saying that DNA can assess Blackness? A haplogroup assignment implies race is that what you're arguing? I was always taught that the physical remains i.e. the skeletons are what is used to determine a person's physical appearance. These physical remains are consistent "Negroid" in regard to the Neolithic populations of the Levant that made their way into mainland Europe forming the basis of the Greek population. The same Africans that Sergi detailed. Like I said the origins of Greek and Roman civilization are those Neolithic Black African migrants, and those early civilizations were destroyed when the Whites coming from who knows where destroyed them on a rampage across the Mediterranean (detailed in both Ricaut and Sergi). This made the region mulatto, and never "white". Not to mention the civilization never had the cultural esteem as the original African base.
quote:You should deal with your inferiority complex because it pushes you to defend pseudo-scientific thesis and you seem quite emotional about all of this. Calm yourself please.
We're just pointing out facts here. Whites have never created a civilization all on there own. The African nature of the sickle cell carrying Greeks is not debatable. Historians today have no choice but to add Black people into every Roman movie, because the Black presence was too undeniable.
Oh so you're saying that DNA can assess Blackness? A haplogroup assignment implies race is that what you're arguing? I was always taught that the physical remains i.e. the skeletons are what is used to determine a person's physical appearance. These physical remains are consistent "Negroid" in regard to the Neolithic populations of the Levant that made their way into mainland Europe forming the basis of the Greek population. The same Africans that Sergi detailed. Like I said the origins of Greek and Roman civilization are those Neolithic Black African migrants, and those early civilizations were destroyed when the Whites coming from who knows where destroyed them on a rampage across the Mediterranean (detailed in both Ricaut and Sergi). This made the region mulatto, and never "white". Not to mention the civilization never had the cultural esteem as the original African base.
I wasn't talking about Haplogroups but about autosomal results and physical remains of ancient Rome/Greece don't show any negroid influences. Neolithic populations of the Levant weren't negroid but showed negroid affinities and these populations actually weren't the one who spread in Europe. You confuse Anatolian farmers with natufians. Moreover civilizations like Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece certainly don't descend from the neolithic ones lol You really think the "civilizations" of early european farmers is similar to archaic or republican Rome ? You think neolithic greeks were culturally similar to classical and hellenistic greeks ?
I think what you're maybe talking about here is the gradual replacement of Western hunter-gatherers (who were dark skinned) by anatolian farmers and indo-europeans coming from the pontic steppe. First of all these WHGs were not similar to sub-saharan africans in any way except maybe in similar level of melanin and secondly romans/greeks are mostly the product of early european farmers and steppe people (indo-europeans).
quote:Originally posted by Big O: We're just pointing out facts here. Whites have never created a civilization all on there own. The African nature of the sickle cell carrying Greeks is not debatable. Historians today have no choice but to add Black people into every Roman movie, because the Black presence was too undeniable. [/QB]
Sickle cell isn't exclusive to black populations, it's already found among north africans and people from the Middle east. So it could have been brought in southern europe by north african/middle eastern migrants which is historically well attested.
I already posted sources showing that blacks in the roman empire were rare and seen as exotic if not as bad omen so if there are black actors in movies it's because of political correctness to respect a certain quota of diversity which isn't historically accurate.
Posts: 1779 | From: Somewhere In the Rif Mountains | Registered: Nov 2021
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quote:Originally posted by Antalas: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Big O:
Oh so you're saying that DNA can assess Blackness? A haplogroup assignment implies race is that what you're arguing? I was always taught that the physical remains i.e. the skeletons are what is used to determine a person's physical appearance. These physical remains are consistent "Negroid" in regard to the Neolithic populations of the Levant that made their way into mainland Europe forming the basis of the Greek population. The same Africans that Sergi detailed. Like I said the origins of Greek and Roman civilization are those Neolithic Black African migrants, and those early civilizations were destroyed when the Whites coming from who knows where destroyed them on a rampage across the Mediterranean (detailed in both Ricaut and Sergi). This made the region mulatto, and never "white". Not to mention the civilization never had the cultural esteem as the original African base.
quote: I wasn't talking about Haplogroups but about autosomal results and physical remains of ancient Rome/Greece don't show any negroid influences.
Physical remains are what determines a person's "race". SSA genetic components have long been noted in ancient Greeks;
While a dated categorization the author in the 90's explicitly uses the term "Negroid" in their description of Greek genetics. When do you think that sickle cell entered into Greece, or did you actually read what the evidence implies from Ricaut's breakdown? Is that too painful for you to acknowledge?
quote: Neolithic populations of the Levant weren't negroid but showed negroid affinities
Negroid affinities in comparison to what other noted element?
"The surprise is that the Neolithic peoples of Europe and their Bronze Age successors are not closely related to the modern inhabitants .. It is a further surprise that the Epipalaeolithic Natufian of Israel from whom the Neolithic realm was assumed to arise has a clear link to Sub-Saharan Africa." --CL Brace,. 2006. The questionable contribution ..of the Neolithic & the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form; PNAS v103, n1, 242-247
It stated in plain language that white Europeans of today have little to no relationship with the Neolithic populations who entered from Turkey, because the latter were Negroid people moving in from Africa as detailed by Ricaut. Modern white Europeans are the descendants of various waves of Indo-European speakers overrunning these ancient Black civilizations, and eventually destroying the last which which was Rome. The Romans made special racial distinctions between their mixed race selves and the uniform looking pale, blue eyed Barbarians to the North. Tactus makes this point or were you not already familiar with his quote?
quote: and these populations actually weren't the one who spread in Europe. You confuse Anatolian farmers with natufians.
Ridiculous;
quote: Moreover civilizations like Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece certainly don't descend from the neolithic ones lol
Neolithic culture is the basis of civilizations is it not? These Neolithic peoples were Negroid migrants from Africa. This was reinforced by another wave of Africans leaving the drying the Sahara (around Libya) which brought about Minoan civilization. More waves including by way of African imperialism came into that region as well. Dr. Winters has an excellent breakdown of these facts.
quote: You really think the "civilizations" of early european farmers is similar to archaic or republican Rome ?
Rome got it's civilization model from the Black based Greeks. Rome is the baby of all of the "ancient civilizations", and thus the recipient of the thousands of years of African civilization that proceeded it.
quote: You think neolithic greeks were culturally similar to classical and hellenistic greeks ?
The basis of the civilization came from those Neolithic Negroid settlers. Without them there would be no Greek civilization.
quote: I think what you're maybe talking about here is the gradual replacement of Western hunter-gatherers (who were dark skinned) by anatolian farmers and indo-europeans coming from the pontic steppe.
No...We know that the early Europeans like the Negroid Grimaldi were related to the San people and were hunters and gatherers who spread all the way into Eastern Asia. What you seem to have a problem admitting is that the Natufians - Anatolian farmers themselves were Black AFrican migrants;
Indo Europeans later came around 1,400 BC- 1,200 BC and brought about the collapse of the Bronze age wherever they settled, and subsequently brought the Greeks into a Dark Age. That lasted until other Africans brought those newly formed Mulattoes out bringing to you Classical Greek civilization.
quote: First of all these WHGs were not similar to sub-saharan africans in any way except maybe in similar level of melanin and secondly romans/greeks are mostly the product of early european farmers and steppe people (indo-europeans).
That's a lie;
This northward migration of northeastern African populations carrying sub-Saharan biological elements is concordant with the morphological homogeneity of the Natufian populations (Bocquentin 2003), which present morphological affinity with sub-Saharan populations (Angel 1972; Brace et al. 2005). In addition, the Neolithic revolution was assumed to arise in the late Pleistocene Natufians and subsequently spread into Anatolia and Europe (Bar-Yosef 2002), and the first Anatolian farmers, Neolithic to Bronze Age Mediterraneans and to some degree other Neolithic-Bronze Age Europeans, show morphological affinities with the Natufians (and indirectly with sub-Saharan populations ; Angel 1972; Brace et al 2005), in concordance with a process of demic diffusion accompanying the extension of the Neolithic revolution (Cavalli-Sforza et al. 1994)." F. X. Ricaut, M. Waelkens. (2008). Cranial Discrete Traits in a Byzantine Population and Eastern Mediterranean Population Movements Human Biology - Volume 80, Number 5, October 2008, pp. 535-564
We can all read what it says, but you are so desperate that you are lying. This is plain language, everything Neolithic came from Black people. Indo Europeans or White people were NOTORIOUSLY cave dwelling NOMADS who had a reputation of theft and warring for no reason. Now you want to claim that Indo-Europeans invented agriculture, SIT DOWN!
quote:Originally posted by Big O: We're just pointing out facts here. Whites have never created a civilization all on there own. The African nature of the sickle cell carrying Greeks is not debatable. Historians today have no choice but to add Black people into every Roman movie, because the Black presence was too undeniable. [/QB]
quote:Sickle cell isn't exclusive to black populations, it's already found among north africans and people from the Middle east.
Sickle cell clearly is a signature of Niger-Congo speakers. The same Niger-Congo speakers whom the Natufians overlap with morphologically. Sickle cell has been found in Pre-dynastic Egyptian mummies, which implies like the presence of E1b1a that Niger-Congo speakings people were in Northeastern Africa as Ricaut lays it out so plainly.
posted
I will certainly not answer to this pseudo scientific nonsense. No matter what I will post you'll spam your bs.
The guy confused natufians with anatolian farmers and he wants me to take him seriously lmao.
Posts: 1779 | From: Somewhere In the Rif Mountains | Registered: Nov 2021
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Tukuler
multidisciplinary Black Scholar
Member # 19944
posted
Antalas Who are you to complain about pseudo-science hahaaa!
=-=-=-=
quote:Originally posted by the lioness,:
. That's some equation. You're probably right and if so Asante is more refined now.
If Big O is just Big O only his methodology & presentation is no more unsuitable for a Black audience than Catholic school is unsuitable for Catholics or hheder and yeshiba are unsuitable for Jews.
Same for Antalas who is out of water except if addressing like minded Beurs, as the French call 'em.
Same boat I rowed ashore until becoming [hyper]critical and desirous of an authentic Africana good enough for 'atheists' even.
quote:Originally posted by Antalas: I will certainly not answer to this pseudo scientific nonsense. No matter what I will post you'll spam your bs.
The guy confused natufians with anatolian farmers and he wants me to take him seriously lmao.
You have been intellectually defeated. Blacks were in Rome and Greece since their inception. We have biological evidence. We have pictorial evidence, and written evidence of this. That being said there has NEVER been an all white civilization in World history. Whites have never been able to create their own civilization without the aid of Black people.
Nigeria: Benin – a Nigerian City That Made Europeans Jealous
This is an important story of a lost old-fashioned city you’ve probably never heard about. Benin City, originally known as Edo. It was once the capital of a pre-colonial African empire located in the present southern Nigeria. The Benin Empire was one of the oldest and most highly developed states in West Africa, dating back to the eleventh century.
The 1974 edition of the Guinness Book of Records described the walls of Benin City and its surrounding kingdom as the world’s largest earthworks carried out prior to the mechanical era. According to estimates by the New Scientist’s Fred Pearce, Benin City’s walls were at one point “four times longer than the Great Wall of China, and consumed a hundred times more material than the Great Pyramid of Cheops”.
Situated on a plain, Benin City was enclosed by massive walls in the south and deep ditches in the north. Beyond the city walls, numerous further walls were erected that separated the surroundings of the capital into around 500 distinct villages.
Pearce writes that these walls “extended for some 16,000 km in all, in a mosaic of more than 500 interconnected settlement boundaries. They covered 6,500 sq. km and were all dug by the Edo people … They took an estimated 150 million hours of digging to construct, and are perhaps the largest single archaeological phenomenon on the planet”.
Barely any trace of these walls exist today.
The city was also one of the first cities to have a semblance of street lighting. Huge metal lamps, many feet high, were built and placed around the city, especially near the king’s palace. Fuelled by palm oil, their burning wicks were lit at night to provide illumination for traffic to and from the palace.
When the Portuguese first found out about the city in 1485, they were stunned to find this vast kingdom made of hundreds of interlocked cities and villages in the middle of the African jungle. They called it the “Great City of Benin”, at a time when there were hardly any other places in Africa being acknowledged by the Europeans as a city. Indeed, they classified Benin City as one of the most beautiful and best planned cities in the world.
In 1691, the Portuguese ship captain Lourenco Pinto observed: “Great Benin, where the king resides, is larger than Lisbon; all the streets run straight and as far as the eye can see. The houses are large, especially that of the king, which is richly decorated and has fine columns. The city is wealthy and industrious. It is so well governed that theft is unknown and the people live in such security that they have no doors to their houses.”
In contrast, London at the same time is described by Bruce Holsinger, professor of English at the University of Virginia, as being a city of “thievery, prostitution, murder, bribery and a thriving black market made the medieval city ripe for exploitation by those with a skill for the quick blade or picking a pocket”.
African Fractals
The planning and design of the city was done according to careful rules of symmetry, proportionality and repetition now known as fractal design. The mathematician Ron Eglash, author of African Fractals – which examines the patterns underpinning architecture, art and design in many parts of Africa –
notes that the city and its surrounding villages were purposely laid out to form perfect fractals, with similar shapes repeated in the rooms of each house, and the house itself, and the clusters of houses in the village in mathematically predictable patterns.
As he puts it: “When Europeans first came to Africa, they considered the architecture much disorganised and thus primitive. It never occurred to them that the Africans might have been using a form of mathematics that they hadn’t even discovered yet.”
The king’s court was located in the city’s centre, from which extended 30 very straight, broad streets, each about 120-ft wide. These main streets, which ran at right angles to each other, had underground drainage made of a sunken impluvium with an outlet to carry away storm water. Many narrower side and intersecting streets branched off them. In the middle of the streets were turf on which animals fed.
“Houses are built alongside the streets in good order, the one close to the other,” writes the 17th-century Dutch visitor Olfert Dapper. “Adorned with gables and steps … they are usually broad with long galleries inside, especially so in the case of the houses of the nobility, and divided into many rooms which are separated by walls made of red clay, very well erected.”
Dapper adds that wealthy residents kept these walls “as shiny and smooth by washing and rubbing as any wall in Holland can be made with chalk, and they are like mirrors. The upper storeys are made of the same sort of clay. Moreover, every house is provided with a well for the supply of fresh water”.
Family houses were divided into three sections: the central part was the husband’s quarters, looking towards the road; to the left the wives’ quarters (oderie), and to the right the young men’s quarters (yekogbe). Daily street life in Benin City might have consisted of large crowds going through even larger streets, with people colourfully dressed – some in white, others in yellow, blue or green. The captains in the city acted as judges to resolve lawsuits, moderating debates in the numerous galleries, and arbitrating petty conflicts in the markets.
The early foreign explorers’ descriptions of Benin City portrayed it as a place free of crime and hunger, its large streets and houses were constantly kept clean; the people of the city were courteous and honest, and it was run by a centralised and highly sophisticated bureaucracy.
The city was split into 11 divisions, each a smaller replication of the king’s court, comprising a sprawling series of compounds containing accommodation, workshops and public buildings – interconnected by innumerable doors and passageways, all richly decorated with the art that made Benin famous. The city was literally covered in it.
The exterior walls of the courts and compounds were decorated with horizontal ridge designs (agben) and clay carvings portraying animals, warriors and other symbols of power – the carvings would create contrasting patterns in the strong sunlight. Natural objects (pebbles or pieces of mica) were also pressed into the wet clay, while in the palaces, pillars were covered with bronze plaques illustrating the victories and deeds of former kings and nobles.
At the height of its greatness in the 12th century – well before the start of the European Renaissance – the kings and nobles of Benin City patronised craftsmen and lavished them with gifts and wealth, in return for their depiction of the kings’ and dignitaries’ great exploits in intricate bronze sculptures.
“These works from Benin are equal to the very finest examples of European casting technique,” wrote Professor Felix von Luschan, formerly of the Berlin Ethnological Museum. “Benvenuto Celini could not have cast them better, nor could anyone else before or after him. Technically, these bronzes represent the very highest possible achievement.”
What impressed the first visiting Europeans most was the wealth, artistic beauty and magnificence of the city. Immediately European nations saw the opportunity to develop trade with the wealthy kingdom, importing ivory, palm oil and pepper – and exporting guns. At the beginning of the 16th century, word quickly spread around Europe about the beautiful African city, and new visitors flocked in from all parts of Europe, with ever glowing testimonies, recorded in numerous voyage notes and illustrations.
The great Benin City however, is now lost to history. Its decline began in the 15th century, sparked by internal conflicts linked to the increasing European intrusion and slavery trade at the borders of the Benin Empire.
In 1897, the city was eventually destroyed by British soldiers who looted it, blew it up and burnt it to the ground.
Nowadays, while a modern Benin City has risen on the same plain, the ruins of its former, more impressive namesake are not mentioned in any tourist guidebook to the area. They have not been preserved, nor has a miniature city or touristic replica been made to keep alive the memory of this great ancient city.
A house composed of a courtyard in Obasagbon, known as Chief Enogie Aikoriogie’s house – probably built in the second half of the 19th century – is considered the only vestige that survives from Benin City. The house possesses features that match the horizontally fluted walls, pillars, central impluvium and carved decorations observed in the architecture of ancient Benin.
Curious tourists visiting Edo State in Nigeria are often shown places that might once have been part of the ancient city – but its walls and moats are nowhere to be seen. Perhaps a section of the great city wall, one of the world’s largest man-made monuments, now lies bruised and battered, neglected and forgotten in the Nigerian bush.
A dissatisfied Nigerian puts it this way: “Imagine if this monument was in England, USA, Germany, Canada or India? It would be the most visited place on earth, and a tourist mecca for millions of the world’s people. A money-spinner worth countless billions in annual tourist revenue.”
Instead, if you wish to get a glimpse into the glorious past of the ancient Benin kingdom – and a better understanding of this ground-breaking city – you are better off visiting the Benin Bronze Sculptures section of the British Museum in central London."
Seems the stereotype of the "well hung" and super erotic black man goes back even to Roman times.
That stereotype seems to have prevailed in western culture even into our days.
"Roman erotic mosaic from Timgad (current Algeria), showing black slave. Object dated back to circa I CE. Mosaic found at the entrance to the baths. He is currently in the Museum in Timgad."
-------------------- Once an archaeologist, always an archaeologist Posts: 2684 | From: Sweden | Registered: Mar 2020
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Seems the stereotype of the "well hung" and super erotic black man goes back even to Roman times.
That stereotype seems to have prevailed in western culture even into our days.
"Roman erotic mosaic from Timgad (current Algeria), showing black slave. Object dated back to circa I CE. Mosaic found at the entrance to the baths. He is currently in the Museum in Timgad."
It's more than that ... all early religions where based on the BLACK BIG PHALLUS... Big BLACK D... is also you Papa, Daddy, etc.. so BIG BLACK D' was your god and still is your god
-------------------- It's not my burden to disabuse the ignorant of their wrong opinions Posts: 2699 | From: New York | Registered: Jun 2015
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quote:Originally posted by Archeopteryx: ^ Well all phalli in history were not black, just to be fair Also ancient Europeans had phallus symbols and phallic gods.
But still the stereotype about well hung black men has survived into modern times.
All of the first phallus where black they are your Daddy
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Also ancient Europeans had phallus symbols and phallic gods.
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