posted
It is known as Sungbo Eredo pronounced "SOONG-BO | E-RED-O". It was an impressive find discovered back in 1999 and measuring 70ft high and 100 miles long (160km). Hidden deep within the Nigerian rain forest, the burial place of Bilikisu Sungbo (Queen of Sheba) indigenous insist is a discovery both amazing and frustrating mostly do to fraudulent attempts by Archeologists to erroneous date it later than it is and local government interventions. Rivaling Kemet’s Great Pyramids, it stands to make its mark with exclamations. The links below reveal live BBC interviews with an excited archaeologist, Dr Patrick Darling as well as other great sources especially link number ‘4’.
1) The Queen of Sheba historically was a legendary black woman. 2) The Walls found are from a pre-colonial kingdom in West Africa called Ijebu.
These two things are important because as more research get underway in parts of Africa that have long been under researched, more and more civilizations will be found. This will cause all sorts of theories to be created and try and distort the history of these nations. First off, the Queen of Sheba was, until recently a famous black Queen who supposedly married King Solomon. The idea that she was black comes from the passage in the bible that says "I am black but comely". In all reality she is a symbol of ancient black African royalty and hegemony in Africa. As such, her legend was the basis of the stories of fabulous wealth in Africa, which were partly the reason for the ultimate invasions of Africa and colonialism. Therefore, the Queen of Sheba is more like an ancient Queen of Egypt or Meroe or any other number of black African female rulers from that part of Africa.
Note:
quote: The Song of Solomon/Song of Songs contains some references which have been at various times interpreted as referring to love between Solomon and the Queen of Sheba. Thus, the female lover at 1:5 declares "I am black, but comely." Though the majority of scholars hold that the Song is about Solomon's wife Pharaoh's daughter.
.....
The Queen of Sheba is mentioned as the "Queen of the South" in the Matthew 12:42 and Luke 11:31 in the New Testament, where Jesus indicates that she and the Ninevites will judge the generation of Jesus' contemporaries who rejected him.
Christian interpretations of the Queen of Sheba scriptures in the Hebrew Bible typically have emphasized both the historical and metaphorical values in the story. The account of the Queen of Sheba can be interpreted as Christian metaphor and analogy. The Queen's visit to Solomon has been compared to the metaphorical marriage of the Church to Christ where Solomon is the anointed one or messiah and Sheba represents a Gentile population submitting to the messiah.
The Queen of Sheba's chastity has also been depicted as a foreshadowing of the Virgin Mary, and the three gifts that she brought (gold, spices and stones) have been seen as analogous to the gifts of the Magi (gold, frankincense and myrrh), which is consistent with a passage from Isaiah 60:6; And they from Sheba shall come: they shall bring forth gold and incense; and they shall show forth the praises of the Lord.[4]
Therefore, she is purely a symbol, part Egyptian Queen, part Isis and purely a legend. The FACT that she is a symbol of the conquest and submission of African royalty and wealth to Eurasian power. She is always associated, by Europeans, with any ancient black African civilization found South of the Mediterranean. This means pretty much all of Africa. And if you follow that logic, you will see that it is nothing more than a glorious story that was used to entice Europeans to go to Africa in search of wealth and power. This even stretched all the way to South Africa, which was also associated with Sheba and her gold mines.
But that legend is still fulfilling its purpose by being used as a symbol of the subjugation of black African royalty and sovereignty because now she is depicted as a white Semitic Queen who is the leader of black Africans. So instead of her just being the symbol of African subjugation and sovereignty, now she is being used as a symbol of diffusionism from Eurasia into Africa as being RESPONSIBLE for the growth of civilization in Africa. Be very careful when dealing with such legends and myths, because they will do more damage to the ACTUAL history of Africa than good. (Not unless you like the cartoon sambo version of African history that was put forward by most Europeans in the 1800s).
Now the reality behind the legend is that Africa was always known for its great mineral wealth. The oldest depictions of Africans from the interior trading in such commodities are found in Egypt. You see the exact same style of African trading culture all over Africa in the shops and stalls of the markets, piled with all sorts of minerals and resources. African kindoms became wealthy and powerful because of this trade. Europe, upon becoming a world power wanted a piece of that action. But Europeans never dared set foot into the interior of Africa, because these kingdoms had formiddible military strength and brave warriors who were able to keep the Europeans out. This strength also allowed the Africans to CONTROL their trade in resources, slaves and other products, producing great wealth. Europeans were left to trade with Africans on the fringes of Africa's interior, without ever really venturing in. Therefore, Sheba at this time, was a symbol of the sovereign power and wealth of African kingdoms.
Part of the European goal in colonizing Africa and penetrating the interior, was not so much to bring civilization, but to control the trade. This did not occur until late in the game though, until after the Europeans invented the maxim gun and other weapons. Indeed, as many have often said, Europeans are cowards and will not fight a fair fight. Their superiority in weaponry became the reason for the eventual subjugation and domination of many of the great kingdoms of Africa in the late 1800s. This is when colonialism and all the attrocities began to occur in Africa under people like Leopold in Congo and the French in Ivory Coast as well as the British, Spanish, Portuguese and Dutch in other parts of Africa. All of these places had strong kingdoms that first had to be destroyed. The Benin, Dahomey, Monopotapa and other civilizations all were destroyed at this time, along with many others we are less familiar with. In order to further subjugate the people and create a docile work force for the plantations and the mines under the new colonial empires, much of the history of these African kingdoms was suppressed, destroyed or ignored and replaced by the image of the black Sambo African savage. Cartoons like Tin Tin and others all lampooned the fate of the black African upon the "discovery" of Africa by the Europeans. However, this was all part of a savage and ruthless propaganda campaign to suck the humanity out of Africans and to justify their enslavement and subjugation at the hands of the whites. It is tantamount to psychological warfare and propaganda, designed to affect both European and Africans equally, making one feel superior and the other inferior. All of this was a carefully designed strategy.
As part of this strategy, the archaeologists and anthropologists who travelled WITH the Europeans as they crossed Africa, purposely did not write about the fabulous kingdoms and peoples being destroyed by the British and other colonial armies. In fact, they served a dual purpose. On one hand they collected the stories and traditions that could be used to identify new sources of raw materials as well as allow Europeans to "negotiate" or meddle with the affairs of various African communities. They also collected many artifacts, drew paintings and took pictures that are an important record of Africa's past. But these facts were not to be viewed by the general public without the other aspect and purpose of the Anthropologists and archeologists under colonial employ. The other purpose of these "scientists" was to create the illusion of Africans as an inferior race, backed up by all sorts of "science" that put Africans at the bottom of the human evolutionary tree. This propaganda was perpetuated as science and put into the museums, textbooks, newspapers and magazines for Europeans to read and believe in. All the facts, photos, images and artifacts about Africa's great kingdoms were purposely put under the rug and denied in front of the European mainstream.
Now we come full circle. First off, dont believe for one second that these are really new "discoveries" in Africa. Much of what is being found now in Africa is from the period between the rise of Islam and the colonial period. Europeans know full well that there were many kingdoms in Africa at this time. But most what we view as history is "his" story, which means that which is told by the people in power. Africans are not allowed to tell their own story. The reason it seems like a new discovery is because it is now being made available to the public for the first time via the broadcast and publication networks within the all powerful media of the Europeans. The Africans themselves knew about them and the European colonialists and military personnel knew about them. As I said earlier, many of the most important pieces of evidence from Africa's past come from the Europeans themselves, who wrote the books and kept the artifacts in the Museums of Europe. The difference is that now they are finally telling the truth and putting this information out there for all to see. You will find more of Africa's history in the museums of Europe that are NOT on display than you will find in the museum proper. Much of this stuff is kept in vast underground vaults and chambers that are off limits to lay visitors. Not only that, but much of Africa's rich history and heritage has been stolen and made part of the collections of private European individuals, who may or may not donate parts of their collections to the Museums or research institutions.
But the revealing of this information about Africa's kindoms in the Medeival and Middle ages does not come without any strings attached. The legacy of the Queen of Sheba legend still has some use, as it is now being used to deny any ingenuity on the part of black Africans and places many of their achievements symbolically in the hands of a white Semitic Queen being in Africa. So now, the Queen of Sheba is not so much the symbol of black African power and glory as the symbol of white distortion and control of African history. The legend of Sheba is just that, a legend and has been used and abused, mainly by Europeans to suit whatever purpose they had in Africa and elsewhere. We need not rely on Europeans to create our history. There are plenty of REAL LIFE great black Queens of Africa we can study and learn about, without dealing with the NONSENSE of a Queen of Sheba. Learn the TRUE history of Africa and these legends will become meaningless.
These walls were built by the people of the Ijebu as protection for their kingdoms. They have nothing to do with the Queen of Sheba. These people were defeated by the British using maxim guns. Of course, this part of the story will get less play than that of Sheba....
quote: jebu (also known as Jebu) was a Yoruba kingdom in pre-colonial Nigeria. It formed around the fifteenth century. According to legend, its ruling dynasty was founded by Obanta of Ile-Ife. Scholars today have also identified the influence of the Benin Empire in the court art and ritual of the Ijebu.
The kingdom was one of the most developed in the region with a complex and highly organized government. The capital was at Ijebu Ode where the Awujale had his palace. Counterbalancing the Awujale was the Osugbo(known as the Ogboni in other parts of Nigeria) , a council of all free born men that acted as the kingdom's courts. The Osugbo was divided into six groups based on rank, the highest being the iwarefa, whose head the oliwa was the second most powerful figure in the nation. Also powerful was the olisa who could be described as the mayor of Ijebu Ode. Like many African societies, Ijebu was also divided into three age ranks and these groups each had their own leaders.
The state rose in power in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries mainly due to its important position on the trade routes between Lagos and Ibadan. The kingdom imposed sharp limits on trade insisting that all trade trough the region be conducted by Ijebu merchants. The monopoly brought great wealth to the kingdom, but also annoyed Europeans.
Despite its wealth the kingdom fell into internal conflict in the late nineteenth century. The kingdom never had a strong military and had long been forced to rely on mercenaries. These foreigners further destabilized the nation.
In 1892 the British attacked Ijebu in response to its barriers on trade. The British were successful and occupied the capital, burning the meeting hall of the Osugbo. The British army employed Maxim guns, according to the soldier-adventurer Frederick Lugard. In defending himself against charges of excessive death rates in Uganda from his own use of the gun, he stated : "On the West Coast, in the 'Jebu' war, undertaken by Government, I have been told 'several thousands' were mowed down by the Maxim."[1]
For several years the capital was occupied by British troops as the kingdom was annexed to the colony of Southern Nigeria.
posted
I trust almost nothing from wikipedia unless it is dealing with describing birds, trees or something like that and on occasions I would check somethings out.
-------------------- The one who built them! Posts: 179 | From: United States | Registered: Jan 2007
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quote:Originally posted by Kemson: I trust almost nothing from wikipedia unless it is dealing with describing birds, trees or something like that and on occasions I would check somethings out.
funny but true Posts: 1549 | From: California, USA | Registered: Jan 2006
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I wish to describe a small concern of mine. Ok, maybe not so small but I'll try to make it short for it is already inherently interesting. Read my next post below. Posts: 179 | From: United States | Registered: Jan 2007
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We must remember that in current Chronographic dating systems, most results suggesting any accurate measurement is usually flawed and are systems which were created in and by modern Europeans many with extremely negative and racists intents. It is well understood that Civilization in Africa, as attested by other Nubian Civilizations besides Kemet, which preceded Ancient Kemet (Egypt) by thousands of years, had also existed around the Sahara since the very pre-historic times, well before the Kemetic civilization was established.
We must also keep in mind that confining ones Chronological reasoning to a flawed dating system as well as limiting the scope of physical area in ancient history only serves to produce illogical and of questionable results.
Let me give a perfect example of this.
Sometime ago, I decided to complete my rapidly growing library on African Civilization Histories and became keenly interested on Ancient and modern day African Architectures and Linguistics. On one computer, I performed manual search/collection operations and on another machine, I had written small but very powerful search models which automated other “search and collections” operations on their own based on my inputs. I was delighted to find huge amounts of information with both correct and incorrect scientific studies of which results allowed me to conduct my own personal researches. One very impressive finds was Sungbo Eredo. A hidden man-made structure buried deep within the Nigerian rainforest and protected from the outside by the forest which had overgrown it. The discovery quickly caught my most focused attention and as suspected, caught the attention of others. I quickly learned that immediate preliminary survey had been performed and completed on the area resulting in a breathing result; Sungbo Eredo measured at 70ft high and 100 miles long! Just as quickly, specialist like Professor Lynne Teather of the University of Toronto eerily and erroneously concluded that the massive monument must have been built over ~1,000 years ago without any published works (that I can find) detailing the methods leading her conclusion(s). This worried me greatly but I knew it was early in the stages and long term mistakes can be corrected before permanent academic crystallizations of obvious and erroneous information.
Upon further studies, I then discovered that local residents hand intimate historical and spiritual knowledge of this place concerning who built it and what purpose it served. As it turns out, the local people said that “Bilikisu Sungbo” (Queen of Sheba) built it. This struck me as a shock considering what I had been taught about the historical Queen figure and her relationship with King Solomon. Though it felt suspiciously truthful, I knew it required further investigation with unbroken concentration. My tired heavy eyes glared un-blinked at my computer screens with a sudden feel of weightlessness as if I’d had generous amounts of sleep.
After learning about Sungbo Eredo’s surrounding areas like “Ijebu-Igbo”, “Ijebu-Ode” and neighboring regions, I realized gold, ivory, exotic spices, stones and other precious metals were and is still very abundant in and around these areas as well as neighboring towns. Because of this, I did not find it difficult to think, these areas might be the very place(s) where “Bilikisu Sungbo” (Queen of Sheba) might have gotten her all of her overwhelming wealthy of gifts she and King Solomon exchanged. But again, my objective side quickly objected to my optimistic thoughts where I counter realized that trading within interior Africa, in those Ancient times, where dynamically active and she could have easily acquired these expensive merchandises, via long distance trade, from the West African region from her possible home location in the North in Ethiopia. But this view, despite its logic, was counter objected by an important historical fact about Queen of Sheba, that being that she was known to have traveled from a great long distance with camels to King Solomon bringing these gifts with her. In addition, the high walls of Sungbo Eredo suggest that it must have been built by a powerful ruler and to protect an inner construction of symbolism of some type and could possibly be the burial place of Queen of Sheba or as local call her, “Bilikisu Sungbo”. This kind of impressive structure was inline with the ancient African tradition of hand-constructing massive monuments for African royalties in celebrating their power as well as other purposes. The discovery might also explain why the Queen of Sheba has remained a mysterious woman of power in European Bibles and Muslim Koran as well as other documents and why virtually no archeological evidence or significant evidence has ever been discovered in Ethiopia regarding Queen of Sheba. After all, I don’t know of any significant size gold deposits found in dessert regions. Even more shocking is this might also explain why the Queen has never been associated with a birth name, just historically known as the “Queen of Sheba”?
I found it frustrating and hard to believe that specialists like Professor Lynne Teather would gloss over these evidences and commonsense approach and brush them off as unimportant. My displeasure was quickly put in check by my realization that historical prejudice had become a refined behavior among many Western specialists and in many cases, had become an unconscious behavior towards Ancient African Histories and any monumental Negro achievements. Psychologically speaking, is seems these prejudice, merging with their physical, mental and social norm, have become undetectable by victims wrongly educated and systematically conditioned by the same system of prejudice they’re under. The Black intellect was the appropriately one to correct his and her history with the deserving dept in respect and care, documentation, scientific accuracy and publication for easy academic accessibility.
It was also brought to my attention that local Nigerian authorities had refused to give drooling mouths and bulging eye specialists, seeking to unearth ancient African artifacts, the free reign in digging and dissecting the area up since it was a place where religious pilgrimage were made and prayers were held both the Christian and Muslim as well as Traditionalist (Hebraic) people of Nigeria from around the country.
Finally, I will try to make sense of the current issue at the root of the problem, the dating issue. Professor Lynne Teather of the University of Toronto had claimed, from what seemed to be, out of the thin air, that Sungbo Eredo was built over ~1,000 years ago with apparently, no backing evidences to prove her claim. If this is, indeed, the ruling palace/sanctuary of the very famous Queen of Sheba or Bilikisu Sungbo, then unfortunately for Prof. Teather, current chronological datings dispite their flaws throws cold water at her unsupported dating claims. Modern day chronology dating orders relating to Queen of Sheba goes something like this:
~992 BC or 950 BC – “Queen of Sheba” visits King Solomon with Camels bearing precious metals exotic spices and stones as principal gifts that she would later exchange with the King. Relying on this information and armed with basic math addition operation, we then arrive to the following calculation:
Current year: “2007 + 992 = 2999” or “2007 + 950 = 2957”
From these results we can then rationalize that Sungbo Eredo is at least over ~2,900 years old. In fact, it would make sense assuming it true that it was built by the Queen of Sheba. In addition, if all of the military and political turmoil’s accompanied by a civil war since Nigeria’s independence from the British did not hint or reveal the existence such a place, then it must be extremely old (surely more than two thousand years). These are the lines of thought I feel are necessary in taking on studies of concerning ancient African civilizations and bright people of good faith most step up in calling out inconsistencies and outright lies.
This has been a wondering posting brought to you by Kemson (a.k.a. BlackGreat a.k.a TheOne&Only) !!!
Posts: 179 | From: United States | Registered: Jan 2007
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Tieing in archaeological remains in Nigeria with the Queen of Sheba is preposterous. Where in the Two Shore Kingdom of Abyssinia-Yemen is one just one artefact attributed to Makeda-Bilqis? If nothing exists to document her there in the environs that Hebrew writings, Greek writings, Arabic writings, Aramaic writings, and Geez writings place her, then why should a region half a continent away and unknown to any of the above peoples be the place of her burial?
In my eyes this is an unsupported Haggardish type misappropriation of "Nigerian" civil engineering just like the Zimbabwe archaeology was mislabeled "King Solomon's Mines."
This, like that, is a thinly veiled revival of the Hamitic Hypothesis, a myth invented by Speke and readily adopted by the academicians of the 19th century to credit, among other things, every bit of lasting architecture (every piece of a fired pot, nay, even every smoothly rubbed stone) in inner Africa to non-black outlanders come light (like their imaginary skins) bearing with the trappings of civilization unknown and unguessed by the dark, simple, beast-like natives.
Unfortunately, this is another case involving African people where "cultural Semitizing" whisks in the trail of their "religious Semitizing" (no disrespect meant). Note that practitioners of Orisha type spiritualism don't know no Queen of Sheba from this wall, and if anybody believeable should know, it should be the traditionalist who would keep such a memory alive.
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Kemson: I trust almost nothing from wikipedia unless it is dealing with describing birds, trees or something like that and on occasions I would check somethings out.
Yeah and I guess this means that those structures in Nigeria are not associated with the Ijebo kindom that built them? Care to show me some proof why Wikipedia is wrong in this case?
Posts: 8896 | Registered: May 2005
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quote:Originally posted by Kemson: We must remember that in current Chronographic dating systems, most results suggesting any accurate measurement is usually flawed and are systems which were created in and by modern Europeans many with extremely negative and racists intents. It is well understood that Civilization in Africa, as attested by other Nubian Civilizations besides Kemet, which preceded Ancient Kemet (Egypt) by thousands of years, had also existed around the Sahara since the very pre-historic times, well before the Kemetic civilization was established.
We must also keep in mind that confining ones Chronological reasoning to a flawed dating system as well as limiting the scope of physical area in ancient history only serves to produce illogical and of questionable results.
Let me give a perfect example of this.
Sometime ago, I decided to complete my rapidly growing library on African Civilization Histories and became keenly interested on Ancient and modern day African Architectures and Linguistics. On one computer, I performed manual search/collection operations and on another machine, I had written small but very powerful search models which automated other “search and collections” operations on their own based on my inputs. I was delighted to find huge amounts of information with both correct and incorrect scientific studies of which results allowed me to conduct my own personal researches. One very impressive finds was Sungbo Eredo. A hidden man-made structure buried deep within the Nigerian rainforest and protected from the outside by the forest which had overgrown it. The discovery quickly caught my most focused attention and as suspected, caught the attention of others. I quickly learned that immediate preliminary survey had been performed and completed on the area resulting in a breathing result; Sungbo Eredo measured at 70ft high and 100 miles long! Just as quickly, specialist like Professor Lynne Teather of the University of Toronto eerily and erroneously concluded that the massive monument must have been built over ~1,000 years ago without any published works (that I can find) detailing the methods leading her conclusion(s). This worried me greatly but I knew it was early in the stages and long term mistakes can be corrected before permanent academic crystallizations of obvious and erroneous information.
Upon further studies, I then discovered that local residents hand intimate historical and spiritual knowledge of this place concerning who built it and what purpose it served. As it turns out, the local people said that “Bilikisu Sungbo” (Queen of Sheba) built it. This struck me as a shock considering what I had been taught about the historical Queen figure and her relationship with King Solomon. Though it felt suspiciously truthful, I knew it required further investigation with unbroken concentration. My tired heavy eyes glared un-blinked at my computer screens with a sudden feel of weightlessness as if I’d had generous amounts of sleep.
After learning about Sungbo Eredo’s surrounding areas like “Ijebu-Igbo”, “Ijebu-Ode” and neighboring regions, I realized gold, ivory, exotic spices, stones and other precious metals were and is still very abundant in and around these areas as well as neighboring towns. Because of this, I did not find it difficult to think, these areas might be the very place(s) where “Bilikisu Sungbo” (Queen of Sheba) might have gotten her all of her overwhelming wealthy of gifts she and King Solomon exchanged. But again, my objective side quickly objected to my optimistic thoughts where I counter realized that trading within interior Africa, in those Ancient times, where dynamically active and she could have easily acquired these expensive merchandises, via long distance trade, from the West African region from her possible home location in the North in Ethiopia. But this view, despite its logic, was counter objected by an important historical fact about Queen of Sheba, that being that she was known to have traveled from a great long distance with camels to King Solomon bringing these gifts with her. In addition, the high walls of Sungbo Eredo suggest that it must have been built by a powerful ruler and to protect an inner construction of symbolism of some type and could possibly be the burial place of Queen of Sheba or as local call her, “Bilikisu Sungbo”. This kind of impressive structure was inline with the ancient African tradition of hand-constructing massive monuments for African royalties in celebrating their power as well as other purposes. The discovery might also explain why the Queen of Sheba has remained a mysterious woman of power in European Bibles and Muslim Koran as well as other documents and why virtually no archeological evidence or significant evidence has ever been discovered in Ethiopia regarding Queen of Sheba. After all, I don’t know of any significant size gold deposits found in dessert regions. Even more shocking is this might also explain why the Queen has never been associated with a birth name, just historically known as the “Queen of Sheba”?
I found it frustrating and hard to believe that specialists like Professor Lynne Teather would gloss over these evidences and commonsense approach and brush them off as unimportant. My displeasure was quickly put in check by my realization that historical prejudice had become a refined behavior among many Western specialists and in many cases, had become an unconscious behavior towards Ancient African Histories and any monumental Negro achievements. Psychologically speaking, is seems these prejudice, merging with their physical, mental and social norm, have become undetectable by victims wrongly educated and systematically conditioned by the same system of prejudice they’re under. The Black intellect was the appropriately one to correct his and her history with the deserving dept in respect and care, documentation, scientific accuracy and publication for easy academic accessibility.
It was also brought to my attention that local Nigerian authorities had refused to give drooling mouths and bulging eye specialists, seeking to unearth ancient African artifacts, the free reign in digging and dissecting the area up since it was a place where religious pilgrimage were made and prayers were held both the Christian and Muslim as well as Traditionalist (Hebraic) people of Nigeria from around the country.
Finally, I will try to make sense of the current issue at the root of the problem, the dating issue. Professor Lynne Teather of the University of Toronto had claimed, from what seemed to be, out of the thin air, that Sungbo Eredo was built over ~1,000 years ago with apparently, no backing evidences to prove her claim. If this is, indeed, the ruling palace/sanctuary of the very famous Queen of Sheba or Bilikisu Sungbo, then unfortunately for Prof. Teather, current chronological datings dispite their flaws throws cold water at her unsupported dating claims. Modern day chronology dating orders relating to Queen of Sheba goes something like this:
~992 BC or 950 BC – “Queen of Sheba” visits King Solomon with Camels bearing precious metals exotic spices and stones as principal gifts that she would later exchange with the King. Relying on this information and armed with basic math addition operation, we then arrive to the following calculation:
Current year: “2007 + 992 = 2999” or “2007 + 950 = 2957”
From these results we can then rationalize that Sungbo Eredo is at least over ~2,900 years old. In fact, it would make sense assuming it true that it was built by the Queen of Sheba. In addition, if all of the military and political turmoil’s accompanied by a civil war since Nigeria’s independence from the British did not hint or reveal the existence such a place, then it must be extremely old (surely more than two thousand years). These are the lines of thought I feel are necessary in taking on studies of concerning ancient African civilizations and bright people of good faith most step up in calling out inconsistencies and outright lies.
This has been a wondering posting brought to you by Kemson (a.k.a. BlackGreat a.k.a TheOne&Only) !!!
Aside from the appeal to emotion in following your "personal journey", where is it documented that the natives said that this site was built by the Queen of Sheba? They too are being duped by the missionary zeal of Christian historians. This idea is nothing but an urban legend and has nothing to do with African history.
Posts: 8896 | Registered: May 2005
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Here's the gist of two BBC articles (stripped of Sheba nonsense, see the originals if you want all the hoopla).
The Eredo ramparts: More earth than the pyramids
Scientists in Nigeria have authenticated an ancient wall near Lagos, but are playing down the possibility that it marked the boundary of the kingdom of the legendary Queen of Sheba.
A team of Nigerian and British archaeologists say the wall, which could be more than 1,000 years old, is genuine and not a modern construction.
The find had prompted suggestions that the centre of one of Africa's greatest kingdoms [...] had been discovered.
The wall lies hidden in the Nigerian rainforest at a site called Eredo, just a few hour's drive from the capital, Lagos.
The wall marks out what the believed boundary of the original Ijebu kingdom, ruled by the 'Awujale' spiritual leader.
__________
Civil wars [...] eventually broke the kingdom's centuries-old Lagos lagoon trade monopoly. But the Awujale of the modern day town of Ijebu-Ode still holds a traditional position of responsibility.
500-year-old Portuguese documents hint at the power of an Ijebu kingdom [...].
Dr Patrick Darling, a member of the African Legacy educational organisation which is working with the Nigerian Government, said that Eredo could become Nigeria's first world heritage site, joining monuments like Stonehenge in the UK and the pyramids of Egypt.
While not approaching the complexity of a project like the pyramids in Egypt, the builders would have shifted an estimated 3.5 million cubic metres of earth during construction of the ramparts.
This is one million cubic metres more than the amount of rock and earth used in the Great Pyramid at Giza.
A team from Bournemouth University, working with British archaeologist Dr Patrick Darling, recently completed a preliminary survey of the Eredo earthworks.
They consist of a wall and ditch measuring 70ft (20 metres) high in places and approximately 100 miles (150km) long.
Dr Darling, described the Eredo site as a breathtaking find with many of its remains relatively intact, though overgrown by the rainforest.
"We are not linking what we found to a city, but to a vast kingdom boundary rampart," he told the BBC.
"The vertical sided ditches go around the area for 100 miles and it is more than 1,000 years old.
"That makes it the earliest proof of a kingdom founded in the African rainforest."
"What is exciting about this for me is that we are beginning to bring out the tremendous political and cultural achievements of black Africa," he said.
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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Comments from two Nigerians; maybe the 1st one is an African American who relates to Nigeria.
quote:by Oshun Auset
It irritates me that it is being linked to the Queen of Sheba...like the Queen of Sheba is the only African Queen that can exist...when it is obviousely a completely different kingdom altogether...but I guess we always must validate ours ancestors accomplishments by connecting everything to the Bible ....Like we can't do anything outside of it that is "great" or "good" .... But I understand we are colonized ... anyhow ... Another megalithic structure in Africa for Eurocentric scholars to try to write out of history...It was found quite a while ago...haven't heard much in the mainstream media since this article that was published in May of 1999...Wonder why?... PBS, Discovery, National Geographic, History Channel, CNN...What happened?...like we don't already know. Egungun, Egungun ni t'aiye ati jo! Ancestos, Ancestors come to earth and dance! creation reflects the creator - male and female, both intrinsic parts of divinity - it is EVERYWHERE in nature. Therefore the image of the Godhead should reflect that reality -Iyah360
quote:by Fagunwa
Si Alafia Ni OA? Having just returned from my homeland I can tell you that among the enlightened folks this story and the turn the brits have put on the wall is the genesis for many jokes. The brits have a real sick thing for making everything that has anything to do with Traditional worship forms relate to judeo-christian ethos.
If it were not for the serious problems in Nigeria at this time this would be a bigger story. The in-roads being made into the traditional culture buy these pentacostal demons have trumped anything done by the islamist and the brits combined. The corruption is a sight to behold. With all of that it is still the most beautiful place in the world.
The cat has arrived, rats disappear.
Yoruba proverb.
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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quote: If nothing exists to document her there in the environs that Hebrew writings, Greek writings, Arabic writings, Aramaic writings, and Geez writings place her, then why should a region half a continent away and unknown to any of the above peoples be the place of her burial?
alTakruri, I believe the answer to your question is quite simple. Many of those so-called writings are of complete fabrication in contrast to realities. I will quote my own writing to summarize and possibly strengthen my view:
“…historical prejudice had become a refined behavior among many Western specialists and in many cases, had become an unconscious behavior towards Ancient African Histories and any monumental Negro achievements.”
“…these prejudice, merging with their physical, mental and social norm, have become undetectable by victims wrongly educated and systematically conditioned by the same system of prejudice they’re under.”
I have no qualms in proposing my thesis backed with pure scientific data utilizing modern, academically qualified disciplines all steered by exhausting research. My thesis is still in a build up process and I hope my completion time frame materializes.
quote: Tieing in archaeological remains in Nigeria with the Queen of Sheba is preposterous.
Your attempted dismissal of my precisions and absolutely weak reasoning’s in mentioning written works of questionable inventions in the face of hard physical evidences fully ratifies my quoted charges. I am not against objectivity in relations to a concern or arguments; it only worries me when rebuttals such as yours pale in quality demonstration of opposing views such as mine. Point to specifics within my articles as opposed to unsatisfactory terms like: “Tying in…”.
My original BBC link to the story contains an audio interview of Dr Patrick Darling I think people should listen to. alTakruri, your strip down choice is really telling. Here is the link again: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/353462.stm
Thank you!
Posts: 179 | From: United States | Registered: Jan 2007
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posted
Hmmm, without any of those "fabricated" works you wouldn't know the name Bilqis nor Makeda nor the reknowned title Queen of Sheba. Reject them and your whole house of cards erected in the sand right at the shoreline with high tide approaching crumbles and washes out to sea to disintegrate in the salt water.
And yes "stripping down" the Queen of Sheba huzanga from the two articles is "really telling" us the facts about the Eredo ramparts and the indigenees (not derived from anywhere outside the region from anyone else) responsible for the civilization which produced it.
quote:Prehistoric Monument
About 1,000 years ago there was a civilization in the deep rainforest of Nigeria. That kingdom created a 100-mile long moated wall (160 km) that was 70 feet high in places (21 meters), the largest known ancient earthworks in Africa.
The wall and ditch, known as Sungbo's Eredo (Sungbo's ditch), may have surrounded the central core of a tribe called the Ijebu, part of the Yoruba clan of tribes. According to local lore, Bilikisu Sungbo was a fabulously wealthy queen who wanted to create a monument to her rule. The Eredo was built, enclosing an area 30 times bigger than Manhattan Island.
While some prefer to chase Semitic myths in place of authentic documented history, others prefer to learn about medieval Benue-Congo civilization in West Africa which left monuments like this so that we now know West African forest empires are as apparently old as those of the sahel/savanna.
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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quote:And yes "stripping down" the Queen of Sheba huzanga from the two articles is "really telling" us the facts about the Eredo ramparts and the indigenees (not derived from anywhere outside the region from anyone else) responsible for the civilization which produced it.
This is the kind of attitude, pardon me, that 'F'ed up African history by ill advised specialist and many educated by those specialists. You surly must fit with one of the two or both.
alTakruri, without any of those fabricated works your mind would be free and not as passive and docile as you render it to be. Matrix anyone?
From a linguistic point of view, I question the existence of the words “Bilqis” and “Makeda”. I happen to know an excellent linguistic friend here in New York City attending the Columbia University who happen to be Arab whom I will run this by for more concrete information. From what I know now, I am quite sure “Makeda” is of Arabic origin just not the origin of the historical, biblical Queen in discussion. Similar to how “Mancala” or spelled “Mankala” is an Arabic word which designates the world’s oldest board game but the game itself not of Arabic origin. “Oware” is the Western spelling attempting to preserve the games original name “Okwe” (which is of Igbo origin which I believe also to be the origin of the physical game), though there are Western scholar generated arguments quarreling about the games origin within the African interior before spreading throughout Africa and then rest of the world. The outside Africa spread is mostly due to the dreaded Slave Trade, where locals of other nations and tribes have given it there brand of names, explaining the wide variety of names in circulation for the game. More information here: http://www.oware.org/
So “Makeda”, “Mankala”, hmmmm? Interesting isn’t it? Maybe a similar blow was dealt to the great Queen’s figure? Physical evidence with testing results are on the way from excavations of Sungbo Eredo that will certainly reveal this.
As for the name “Bilqis”, I have some ideas about its origin, but after making the proper references I will elaborate on this and make my finding known.
quote:… others prefer to learn about the people and civilization of medieval West Africa …
Your statements are a form of the standard pretext approaches used in limiting and colonizing the true age of ancient African works by specialists with views similar to yours. Here, they disregard, with complete lack of respect, the locals and their invaluable inputs while using terms like “medieval West Africa”. Your use of this kind of term serves as a perfect example for the unconscious prejudice employed in belittling Africa’s histories and aligning it to European beginnings which is in your word, “preposterous” and unacceptable. Inner Africa is beyond medieval.
As we say in slang here in the good old hood, “get cho mind right, yo off homie, somethin’ wrong cuz!”!
Peace!
Posts: 179 | From: United States | Registered: Jan 2007
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From what I know now, I am quite sure “Makeda” is of Arabic origin just not the origin of the historical, biblical Queen in discussion. Similar to how “Mancala” or spelled “Mankala” is an Arabic word which designates the world’s oldest board game but the game itself not of Arabic origin...
And what you know, would be...
Posts: 5964 | Registered: Jan 2005
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quote:Originally posted by Kemson: From a linguistic point of view, I question the existence of the words “Bilqis” and “Makeda”. I happen to know an excellent linguistic friend here in New York City attending the Columbia University who happen to be Arab whom I will run this by for more concrete information. From what I know now, I am quite sure “Makeda” is of Arabic origin just not the origin of the historical, biblical Queen in discussion.
Incorrect. Unlike the name Minilik, which is a newer name for the son of Solomon in the Ethiopian tradition, Makeda is a Ge'ez name recorded in the Kebra Nagast: Chapter 85.
quote:Similar to how “Mancala” or spelled “Mankala” is an Arabic word which designates the world’s oldest board game but the game itself not of Arabic origin. “Oware” is the Western spelling attempting to preserve the games original name “Okwe” (which is of Igbo origin which I believe also to be the origin of the physical game), though there are Western scholar generated arguments quarreling about the games origin within the African interior before spreading throughout Africa and then rest of the world. The outside Africa spread is mostly due to the dreaded Slave Trade, where locals of other nations and tribes have given it there brand of names, explaining the wide variety of names in circulation for the game. More information here: http://www.oware.org/
Not to get off topic, but the oldest evidence of "Manqala" (called "Gebet'a" in Ethiopia) are late Aksumite examples (ca. 6th century AD) in Ethiopia.
Citation: Richard Pankhurst, "Gäbäṭa," in Siegbert von Uhlig, ed., ''Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha'' (Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005), pp.598.
Please use citations to back your claims. They are valued highly here at Egyptsearch.
Posts: 1024 | Registered: Jun 2006
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Yom, I am very aware of the etymology concerning the word "Mankala". But In relations to the points I tried making, the cut and paste technical efforts you serve contributes almost zero usefulness in establishing the link between the Arabic name for the Queen Sheba with my charges of possible corruption to her original name as I have demonstrated in my simple analogical comparison. If one wishes to go off topic, as you have, then you are 100% correct. I am sure there is whole Academic Avenue one can discover about the word as in most other words, but in contrast, it is what it is, getting off topic!
Thank you.
Posts: 179 | From: United States | Registered: Jan 2007
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quote:Originally posted by Kemson: Yom, I am very aware of the etymology concerning the word "Mankala". But In relations to the points I tried making, the cut and paste technical efforts you serve contributes almost zero usefulness in establishing the link between the Arabic name for the Queen Sheba with my charges of possible corruption of her original name as I have demonstrated in my simple analogical comparison. If one wishes to go off topic, as you have, then you are 100% correct. I am sure there is whole Academic Avenue one can discover about the word as in most other words, but in contrast, it is what it is, getting off topic!
Thank you.
I don't understand what you mean. The earliest use of the word Makeda is by the Kebra Nagast, and to my knowledge, the name has never appeared in Arabic writing. Rather the name "Bilqis" has always been used.
Also, I didn't comment on the etymology of Manqala. Its history is known and has a clear Arabic origin, while there is no such history or connection in Arabic for "Makeda."
Posts: 1024 | Registered: Jun 2006
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Obviously I based my principal demonstration on the Arabic word “Mancala” or “Mankala” and “Makeda” as a possible usage in assumed corruption to originality. If it’s not of Arabic origin it doesn’t devalue the possibility of the unoriginal presense just as “Mancala” is an unoriginal name for the very ancient board game/calculating device originally called “Okwe”, despite the foreign origins of unoriginal words like “Makeda”.
Posts: 179 | From: United States | Registered: Jan 2007
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Let me clue you in on why this story is complete nonsense. There was a REAL kingdom of Ijebo in that part of West Africa. In fact there were a whole lot of kingodms in Africa up to the 1800s. What happened in the 1800s is the Europeans invented the gatling gun. Prior to that, they dared no step foot into the interior of Africa because these kingdoms were powerful enough to destroy them. The Ijebo along with a great many other African kingdoms was destroyed by the British. There was no Queen of Sheba there and there was not lost civilization. The British and other colonial armies rampaged through Africa destroying every kingdom they could in order to subjugate the Africans. Then they fabricated stories saying Africans HAD NO CIVILIZATION, even as they were in the process of destroying them. The British knew about this site before we did, the Africans knew about it as well. They both know it has nothing to do with the Queen of Sheba. The British propably have artifacts from this Kingdom in private collections and Museums, since they took the anything and everything of value from those peoples that they conquered. This is what happened in the famous kingdom of Benin which they conquered and took the bronze cast heads back to Britain. Remember, these civilizations were not lost, they were destroyed and their history covered up by the SAME PEOPLE that claim to have discovered it. It was never lost, it was destroyed and now, instead of telling the true story of how Britain destroyed many of Africa's great kingdoms, they are making up fairy tales about Africa's past. Unfortunately, this is for the consumption of people outside of Africa, since Africans for the most part know better. It is a continuation of the same campaign of propaganda and disinformation about Africa that begun once the British and other colonists finally were able to defeat the Armies of Africa. Remember, the Queen of Sheba story was used to entice European mercenaries and settlers to go to Africa and COLONIZE it, armed to the teeth, taking land and sovereignty from Africans, making the process of colonization easier, by annexing land to these "explorers".
If you want to know the REAL history of Africa, study the great kingdoms of Medieval and Middle Ages Africa and you will find out that there were MANY civilized African states in West Africa, stretching back long before the advent of Islam or Colonialism. This history is not lost, because you can find books on them written by Europeans, by Africans in Arabic and others who describe in sometimes great detail all the goings on in Africa up to the 1800s. After the 1800s comes the OTHER great holocaust, the holocaust in the interior of Africa, as colonial armies rampaged through the land and massacred millions of Africans in order to terrorize them and force them to be slave workers. And this was AFTER the holocaust of slavery in the West. Of course, this part of the story nobody wants to tell, so they make happy land bullsh*t about the Queen of Sheba to divert attention away from the atrocities commited by the British and others that destroyed these kingdoms in the first place. These colonists brought diseases designed to decimate the population, took all the land and forced Africans to live in squalor and forced Africans to work themselves to death extracting gold, diamonds, minerals, rubber and anything else they wanted. NOTHING has changed in many respects, since Africans STILL work themselves to death in the mines for no money, as westerners and other foreigners have made sure that they continue to control these parts of Africa's economy, to ensure that they never rise up again and become great. The whole story of the destruction of Africa is about trade and the control of trade. Nothing else. As long as Europeans and other foreigners control most of the land and most of the trade in minerals and farm products produced on plantations, Africa will stay poor and Europeans will stay on top of them as neocolonial masters. All of these fabricated stories about Africa's history are lies designed to cover up the European's transgressions in Africa. The missionaries have been destroying the phsychological fabric of Africans by teaching them about a God that does nothing to rescue them from the atrocious conditions that are being created by the foreigners who introduced that god in the first place. Once Africans remember who they are and wake up from their sleep, they will once again be powerful. But first they will have to fight the world powers in order to take control of the trade in Africa's resources so that Africans make the money of the demand for African minerals, not everyone else. Africans are not really free as they are only free in mind only, since they dont control their land in most cases, they dont control their resources and they dont control their own trade, meaning they dont control their own economies. They are free to be willing workers for European and other companies that are continuing the tradition of exploiting Africa with little in return for Africans themselves.
Posts: 8896 | Registered: May 2005
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posted
Doug M, you are speaking to a choir, during my studies on Igbo and Yoruba kingdoms and their wars, I collected great documentations and even found the great Dr. Phillip Emeagwali article on Egba Yoruba and it became one of the most fascinating and enjoyable reading I’ve ever done. I was naturally interested in these areas because of my family background (though I am an American, my entire family is Igbo), but I never knew the dept of the history and decided on educating myself starting 1999 and turned in a work of complete passion. Your huff and puffs approach is only born out of complete ignorance and for some reason, I’m not suprised.
Utilizing your line of thought, the same Europeans you mentioned as destroyers of these Kingdoms pretty much hid the information which I have presented in my 6th post above. You could have easily asked me what led to my interests and archiving, giving me the chance to clarify my position of interest, so your insult is simply a “Johnny comes lately” rebuttal with a bloated head thinking you were on to something.
The spirited but empty charge you put fourth in revealing that the Europeans are the greatest liars on earth only ratified my previous charge which I boldly calmed, with complete spiritual belief, that most so-called European histories, especially during the B.C. times are a complete fabrication. From the fake White ancient Greeks thinker to lies of Babylon and probably the biggest of all, the lies going to the moon, you are telling me nothing new. Here is a perfect example of what I mean: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEJHltQwjfc. The short video is a perfect example of a well compiled documentation of European fabrications. Interestingly the only Ancient structure standing is that of Ancient Kemet (Negro Egypt) while all other so-called European achievements are either destroyed by some mysterious fire or earthquakes all which are outright lies complete with fabricated statues of white Greeks that look like newly sculpted pieces and polished yesterday and ironically were.
Doug, you are only adding to the extensive histories of these European lies and fabrications. My belief is that the Queen of Sheba was a West African Black woman and with evidences now coming to light all that is hidden will be revealed. Bilikisu Sungbo is very real.
You can view a copy of Dr. Philip Emeagwali’s postings of letters and conversations with fans and admirers alike on my temp site as well as on his website.
posted
Cut the bullshit, the attack on my personality, and the tap dancing to not even weakly peripheral subject matter, and if you at all can do, try posting something about the Eredo ramparts and the people responsible for the civilization that produced it.
quote:Originally posted by Kemson:
quote:And yes "stripping down" the Queen of Sheba huzanga from the two articles is "really telling" us the facts about the Eredo ramparts and the indigenees (not derived from anywhere outside the region from anyone else) responsible for the civilization which produced it.
This is the kind of attitude, pardon me, that 'F'ed up African history by ill advised specialist and many educated by those specialists. You surly must fit with one of the two or both.
alTakruri, without any of those fabricated works your mind would be free and not as passive and docile as you render it to be. Matrix anyone?
From a linguistic point of view, I question the existence of the words “Bilqis” and “Makeda”. I happen to know an excellent linguistic friend here in New York City attending the Columbia University who happen to be Arab whom I will run this by for more concrete information. From what I know now, I am quite sure “Makeda” is of Arabic origin just not the origin of the historical, biblical Queen in discussion. Similar to how “Mancala” or spelled “Mankala” is an Arabic word which designates the world’s oldest board game but the game itself not of Arabic origin. “Oware” is the Western spelling attempting to preserve the games original name “Okwe” (which is of Igbo origin which I believe also to be the origin of the physical game), though there are Western scholar generated arguments quarreling about the games origin within the African interior before spreading throughout Africa and then rest of the world. The outside Africa spread is mostly due to the dreaded Slave Trade, where locals of other nations and tribes have given it there brand of names, explaining the wide variety of names in circulation for the game. More information here: http://www.oware.org/
So “Makeda”, “Mankala”, hmmmm? Interesting isn’t it? Maybe a similar blow was dealt to the great Queen’s figure? Physical evidence with testing results are on the way from excavations of Sungbo Eredo that will certainly reveal this.
As for the name “Bilqis”, I have some ideas about its origin, but after making the proper references I will elaborate on this and make my finding known.
quote:… others prefer to learn about the people and civilization of medieval West Africa …
Your statements are a form of the standard pretext approaches used in limiting and colonizing the true age of ancient African works by specialists with views similar to yours. Here, they disregard, with complete lack of respect, the locals and their invaluable inputs while using terms like “medieval West Africa”. Your use of this kind of term serves as a perfect example for the unconscious prejudice employed in belittling Africa’s histories and aligning it to European beginnings which is in your word, “preposterous” and unacceptable. Inner Africa is beyond medieval.
As we say in slang here in the good old hood, “get cho mind right, yo off homie, somethin’ wrong cuz!”!
Peace!
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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Impotent, frustrated, fuming over the 1200 years ago date for the Eredo ramparts led to some great, one and only, megalomaniacal questioning of how such a figure was arrived at. So, here's a little bit of science about the rampart's dating:
quote:Eredo Journal; A Wall, a Moat, Behold! A Lost Yoruba Kingdom
September 20, 1999, Monday By NORIMITSU ONISHI (NYT); Foreign Desk Late Edition - Final, Section A, Page 4, Column 1, 1015 words
DISPLAYING ABSTRACT - British and Nigerian team of archeologists maps 100-mile wall and moat deep in Nigerian rain forest, wall, called Sungbo's Eredo, was erected around a kingdom of the Yoruba, one of three main ethnic groups in present-day Nigeria, and surrounds several towns and villages; carbon dating indicates that 70-foot structure dates to 10th century, suggesting that a highly organized kingdom existed in rain forest at least three centuries earlier than previously belived (Eredo Journal)
Science uses objective methods not wishful thinking and a priori assumptions like; I want the biblical Queen of Sheba` to be the childless "queen" Sungbo of the Ijebu civilization who had the ramparts built therefore I will use a best quess date for said Queen of Sheba and make that my date for the Eredo ramparts and I will ignore any and all scientific methods for dating archaeological remains if they conclusively blow my toy boat fantasy methodology dating out my lil bathtub world. Then I will bad mouth all dissenters and call them stooges of da white man gaining me sympathy and distracting attention from the fact that I have no facts!
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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alTakruri, there's nothing wrong with the way your see yourself. I'm in agreement with the fact that you can pour your heart out
The path I've chosen for studying and demonstrating my ideas are completely of my own design. This doesn't mean complete dismissal of well establish disciplines in academia but it means that I am cautious with penetrating intuition on what not to employ while sniffing out scientific jokes like the Scientology/Dianetics fake blood pressure testing devices which they consistently and successfully fool people with in an attempt to sell them another religion based on Satan worship, warped science and even more European lies. My path follows the similar scientific approach, successfully achieved, by the great Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop.
Therefore, British specialists releasing any kind of information regarding radioactive dating or Carbon-14 dating is automatically subject to fraudulent unless I see the chart and graph result along with some type of a process description report and of cause, the testing site.
alTakruri, you can be the fool you may want to be, but I differ from you in ways you can never image excluding know me personally. I'm in agreement with the fact that you can pour your heart out and access your inner child complexes complete with bathtubs, bubbles and whatever else your mind chooses to come up with.
With that, I say peace ya’ll, don’t be frightened by the truth for it is as harmless as water but if you fight while not knowing how deep it goes, it can drown you which only means one has been living great lies knowingly or not.
I have other parts of life to attend to. Once boredom sets in I’ll return to dismay writing towards and refute them accordingly. So get your weight up boys and girls. Peace!!!
Once again brought to you by Kemson (a.k.a BlackGreat, a.k.a TheOne&Only)
-------------------- The one who built them! Posts: 179 | From: United States | Registered: Jan 2007
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posted
The path I've chosen for studying and demonstrating my ideas are completely of my own design. This doesn't mean complete dismissal of well establish disciplines in academia but it means that I am cautious with penetrating intuition on what not to employ while sniffing out scientific jokes like the Scientology/Dianetics fake blood pressure testing devices which they consistently and successfully fool people with in an attempt to sell them another religion based on Satan worship, warped science and even more European lies. My path follows the similar scientific approach, successfully achieved, by the great Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop.
Therefore, British specialists releasing any kind of information regarding radioactive dating or Carbon-14 dating regarding anything associated to Black Africa is automatically subject to fraudulent claims unless I see the charts&graphs result, photos, videos along with some type of process description(s) report and of cause, the testing site. Get it?
alTakruri, you can be the fool you may want to be, but I differ from you in ways you can never even image excluding knowing me personally, as I have, like an all seeing Eagle, comfortably perched on an extremely high mental level. I'm in agreement though with the fact that you can pour your heart out in public to display your inner child complexes complete with bathtubs, bubbles and whatever else your mind chooses to comes up with. At this stage I would suggest you re-evaluate how you’ve been educated, but especially by who and make necessary changes to get your mental weight up. You diG cUuz?
With that, I say peace ya’ll, don’t be frightened by the truth for it is as harmless as water but if you fight while not knowing how deep it goes, it can drown you which only means one has been living in lies knowingly or not.
I have other parts of life to attend to. Once boredom sets in I’ll return to read dismay writing towards me and refute them accordingly. So get your weight up boys and girls. Peace!!!
Once again, brought to you by Kemson (a.k.a BlackGreat, a.k.a TheOne&Only) Posts: 179 | From: United States | Registered: Jan 2007
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quote:Originally posted by Kemson: alTakruri, there's nothing wrong with the way your see yourself. I'm in agreement with the fact that you can pour your heart out
The path I've chosen for studying and demonstrating my ideas are completely of my own design. This doesn't mean complete dismissal of well establish disciplines in academia but it means that I am cautious with penetrating intuition on what not to employ while sniffing out scientific jokes like the Scientology/Dianetics fake blood pressure testing devices which they consistently and successfully fool people with in an attempt to sell them another religion based on Satan worship, warped science and even more European lies. My path follows the similar scientific approach, successfully achieved, by the great Dr. Cheikh Anta Diop.
Therefore, British specialists releasing any kind of information regarding radioactive dating or Carbon-14 dating is automatically subject to fraudulent unless I see the chart and graph result along with some type of a process description report and of cause, the testing site.
alTakruri, you can be the fool you may want to be, but I differ from you in ways you can never image excluding know me personally. I'm in agreement with the fact that you can pour your heart out and access your inner child complexes complete with bathtubs, bubbles and whatever else your mind chooses to come up with.
With that, I say peace ya’ll, don’t be frightened by the truth for it is as harmless as water but if you fight while not knowing how deep it goes, it can drown you which only means one has been living great lies knowingly or not.
I have other parts of life to attend to. Once boredom sets in I’ll return to dismay writing towards and refute them accordingly. So get your weight up boys and girls. Peace!!!
Once again brought to you by Kemson (a.k.a BlackGreat, a.k.a TheOne&Only)
You make no sense. You criticise British radidocarbon samples, but YOU are the one who posted the British articles about the Queen of Sheba being behind such monuments. You talk about suspicious and fake blood tests but YOU are the one who posted this story about the Queen of Sheba. How can you can you criticise scientific study and real history when YOU are the one posting FABLES about the Queen of Sheba? Your line of reasoning is bogus as it has nothing to do with facts and has nothing to do with the likes of Diop.
Posts: 8896 | Registered: May 2005
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Still not a single fact from LegendInHisOwnMind about * the Eredo rampart * Sungbo * Ijedu Just more distractive nattering proving he knows less than doesn't know a damn thing about Africana leave alone any semblance of the subject at hand (or coherent thought for that matter).
Can anyone else add on to the knowledge DougM shared about the subject? Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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quote:Originally posted by alTakruri: Still not a single fact from LegendInHisOwnMind about * the Eredo rampart * Sungbo * Ijedu Just more distractive nattering proving he knows less than doesn't know a damn thing about Africana leave alone any semblance of the subject at hand (or coherent thought for that matter).
Can anyone else add on to the knowledge DougM shared about the subject?
There are some books on the subject, but as I said earlier, the main problem is the history of colonialism in Africa which has long tried to cover up and distort Africa's past. There are many,many kingdoms of Africa that most people outside of Africa would never know about. And when they do hear about them, they are only told about the more famous ones, and not about all the other various groups in between.
The history of West Africa is deep and complex and sometimes much of the history is told in a convoluted and distorted way in order to reinforce stereotypes of Africans. This division of Africa into separate chunks allows the history to be broken up and told in a discontinuous way, which more often serves to confuse than explain. African culture and civilization is connected from South to East and West to North and there has never been a break in this regard.
The Sahara is part of Africa and unites North and South via trade going back to the Neolithic. East Africans originally migrated to the Sahara and became the basis of the population there. Cultures from the Sahara migrated South and East to influence both West African and Nilotic civilization. Likewise, the advanced cultures of the Nile also spread through trade along the trade routes of the Sahara and the Nile into the interior of Africa, influencing cultures there as well as reinforcing the ties between Egypt and Africa. After the fall of Egypt, Africans moved South and West influencing traditions found throughout the Sahel and into West Africa. The great kingdoms of Ancient Ghana and others are the legacy of ancient African trade networks in the Sahara that predate Islam. Most of the trade in the Sahara was dominated by BLACK Africans throughout the period from the introduction of Islam to the 1400s. However, this fact is disguised by historians labelling the black African Saharan nomads as Berbers or Arabs, when in all reality they are referring to the language spoken, not any ethnic identity or phenotype. It was only with the arrival of the Banu Hilal that the Arabs actually began to penetrate into the interior of Africa, largely into Mauretania and Mali.
The main story of West Africa from 300AD to 1800AD is one of trade, contact and religious conversion. Trade was the basis of the rise of African kingdoms in West Africa and these kingdoms were indeed rich and powerful. The stories of the wealth and grandeur of these kingdoms led to the increased interest by foreigners intent on controlling this trade. First came the religious conversion, which decimated many traditional African beliefs and customs and mandated worship of foreign gods and dieties. Then came the economic pressure as gold mines and other mineral sites dried up and these kingdoms had to trade in slaves to supplement their wealth. Finally came the onslaught of colonialism which put an end to this period of African history.
Please accept the support and endorsement of a true son of Igbo land like yourself.
Most human beings are not immediately receptive to what is new and strange. Infact many get scared and feel threatened by the type of powerful knowlegde you deal with.
Please continue. Don't despair. Those who have eyes will see, those with ears will hear, and those marked for destruction with the beast will go down into perdition.
The Lord
Posts: 83 | From: Quebec, Canada | Registered: Feb 2006
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posted
The Lord, huh... ...^And those who won't get it won't get it. anyway... Excellent find !!!!!!! On a side note, though, I've also read through all of your posts (that pertain to you guys' little argumet). What I have to say about that is although I definately see altukrur. et. al's points (, lol at when scientist kemson (nuthin against ya, seem like a great dude) ever-so-unscrupulously jumps to the assertion about the age of the civilization basing all this on the ever ambiguous Queen of Sheba!)
however you guys didn't have to jump at him like raving dogs. Is he an ex-troll or somethin?
I don't overtly disagree with him. But maybe I'm high on some knowledge. I wouldn't ASSume (pay attention folks ~ key word here) anything.
quote:Originally posted by Kemson: It is known as Sungbo Eredo pronounced "SOONG-BO | E-RED-O". It was an impressive find discovered back in 1999 and measuring 70ft high and 100 miles long (160km). Hidden deep within the Nigerian rain forest, the burial place of Bilikisu Sungbo (Queen of Sheba) indigenous insist is a discovery both amazing and frustrating mostly do to fraudulent attempts by Archeologists to erroneous date it later than it is and local government interventions. Rivaling Kemet’s Great Pyramids, it stands to make its mark with exclamations. The links below reveal live BBC interviews with an excited archaeologist, Dr Patrick Darling as well as other great sources especially link number ‘4’.
I remember reading about this a while back! Have there been any recent updates?
Posts: 1219 | From: North Carolina, USA | Registered: Jul 2004
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quote:Originally posted by alTakruri: Hmmm, without any of those "fabricated" works you wouldn't know the name Bilqis nor Makeda nor the reknowned title Queen of Sheba. Reject them and your whole house of cards erected in the sand right at the shoreline with high tide approaching crumbles and washes out to sea to disintegrate in the salt water.
And yes "stripping down" the Queen of Sheba huzanga from the two articles is "really telling" us the facts about the Eredo ramparts and the indigenees (not derived from anywhere outside the region from anyone else) responsible for the civilization which produced it.
quote:Prehistoric Monument
About 1,000 years ago there was a civilization in the deep rainforest of Nigeria. That kingdom created a 100-mile long moated wall (160 km) that was 70 feet high in places (21 meters), the largest known ancient earthworks in Africa.
The wall and ditch, known as Sungbo's Eredo (Sungbo's ditch), may have surrounded the central core of a tribe called the Ijebu, part of the Yoruba clan of tribes. According to local lore, Bilikisu Sungbo was a fabulously wealthy queen who wanted to create a monument to her rule. The Eredo was built, enclosing an area 30 times bigger than Manhattan Island.
While some prefer to chase Semitic myths in place of authentic documented history, others prefer to learn about medieval Benue-Congo civilization in West Africa which left monuments like this so that we now know West African forest empires are as apparently old as those of the sahel/savanna.
I don't believe the Queen of Sheba is a semitic myth at all. Now, do I believe she had anything to do with Nigeria...no. But to just rule out her existence for no other reason other than the fact that some people use her to subjegate Black African is just plain wrong. We DO know for a fact that there once existed a nation known as Seba (which is where Sheba derives from) from stretched from East African to present-day Saudi Arabia. So if Seba was real, then it's totally possible that the nation had a Queen.
What is this really about? The Bible right? It was written in the Bible so it must be wrong (at least according to many anti-Christians on this board). Well, even if you don't believe the Bible...the liklihood that a good portion of it was based off historical events (like people say how many myths are fabricated stories based around something that actually happened) is very high.
Fact is, we have to fight against historical revisionism. Makeda is portrayed in the Bible as a dark-skinned (actually Black-skinned) woman. We know the region she would have come from is full of Black-skinned people. The problem is many of the "portraits" of her were made by non-African people.
Posts: 1219 | From: North Carolina, USA | Registered: Jul 2004
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posted
"Makeda", if an actual historical figure, has been cloaked with mythology, as Ausar (Osiris) examplifies...only that Ausar goes back to the prehistorical period, while "Makeda" is supposed to be attested to at a time when literal record keeping was already established.
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quote:Originally posted by Supercar: "Makeda", if an actual historical figure, has been cloaked with mythology, as Ausar (Osiris) examplifies...only that Ausar goes back to the prehistorical period, while "Makeda" is supposed to be attested to at a time when literal record keeping was already established.
She's obviously been combined or confounded with some pre-historic (?) pre-Abrahamic Ethiopian Goddess/heroine, as obvious from the tales of her slaying the ancient Serpent/Snake-God Arwe and role in the creation of "Teff" (the staple grain of Ethiopia).
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First, understand the Hebrew source does not mention the Queen of Sheba`'s colour nor is the Shulamiyth in Song of Songs the same person as the Queen of Sheba`. That confusion is due to the Christian Church which chose to ignore the Judaean writings.
Likewise another confusion factor is slipping in when Sheba` is identified as Seba.
Both kingdoms where in the lands of dark skinned people. Judaean texts inform us the Shemites are dark and lovely and Hhamites can be dark as a raven.
Seba and Sheba are two different words. The biblical Queen of Sheba` remains mythical not because there was no such thing as a kingdom of Sheba` (the Two Shore empire encompassing parts of the Horn and the southern Arabian peninsula) but because there's no historical record of the unnamed biblical Queen of Sheba` nor of Sh*lomo haMelekh.
Personally I think there was a Sh*lomo haMelekh and that a Malkha Sheba` did visit him (whatever her name may've been).
However, I can't allow my beliefs to override historical and archaeological facts. In a forum like this, dedicated to factual information, I must leave behind my personal convictions and only relay and relate facts acceptable out side any system of belief, faith, tribal lore, spirituality, etc.
I can freely discuss any of the above but can't allow what they posit replace scientific findings. At best I can, where evidence allows, dovetail the two into a best shot explanation that satisfies the all. That rarely manages to be the case and certainly not here.
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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quote:Originally posted by Supercar: "Makeda", if an actual historical figure, has been cloaked with mythology, as Ausar (Osiris) examplifies...only that Ausar goes back to the prehistorical period, while "Makeda" is supposed to be attested to at a time when literal record keeping was already established.
She's obviously been combined or confounded with some pre-historic (?) pre-Abrahamic Ethiopian Goddess/heroine, as obvious from the tales of her slaying the ancient Serpent/Snake-God Arwe and role in the creation of "Teff" (the staple grain of Ethiopia).
Can you elaborate? I've never heard about tales of her slaying a Snake God.
EDIT: alTakruri:
Fair enough...
Posts: 1219 | From: North Carolina, USA | Registered: Jul 2004
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I just received these books recently and will take a look to see what they say. Keep in mind that these kingdoms have gone under different names, which confuses the history in many ways. These walls are sometimes called the Edo ramparts or the walls of ancient Benin.
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posted
Being a Yoruba man myself... I'm enjoying this post. May post something later...
Posts: 3423 | From: the jungle - when y'all stop playing games, call me. | Registered: Jul 2006
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posted
Looking into the history, it is clear that the Ijebu, Owo (or Oyo) and Benin kingdoms are all related parts of the ancient Yoruba kingdoms. They all shared some similarities in art, organization and societal structures. From what I can tell, the Ijebu kingdom that produced the Eredo Ramparts is not unique. The walls of the ancient city of Benin are just as large and expansive, yet in dire danger of disappearing.
quote: The federal government of Nigeria is currently restoring the ancient Benin Moat, one of the greatest earthworks done by man. When properly rehabilitated, the Nigerian Ministry of Culture hopes the 13th to 15th century construction will be listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, thus attracting more tourists to Edo State.
The Benin Moat - or Iya, as it is termed locally - was originally constructed as a defence work surrounding Benin City, capital of one of the oldest kingdoms of the region. Built to an original height of more than 18 meters, and a length of 1,200 kilometers, the Iya was constructed in three stages. It was finalised around 1460, at that time being the world's largest earthwork.
As the Iya lost its protective functions, it was however left to fall into disrepair. The Benin City Walls were ravaged by the British in 1897. Since then, portions of the walls have "gradually vanished in the wake of modernisation," according to Edo State. Though the walls and moats have been protected by national legislation since 1961, no conservation plan exists.
After the monument now has turned out to be a site of importance for Nigeria's cultural history and tourism, the federal government recently accepted responsibility to protect the Benin moat.
posted
Thanks a bunch (especially for the cavalry pics, a good resource to use with The 100,000 Horsemen of West Africa pamphlet)!
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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One of the things I like about these images is that it shows the connections between Hausa, Fulani, Tuareg and other African peoples. One of the problems with many of the books written about the history of the Islamic sweep through Africa is the meaningless names and labels thrown around which confuses things, terms like Berber and Arab most especially are thrown around without any definition or context. I have even noticed this in the Volumes from Unesco entitled "The General History of Africa Vols 3 and 4". This is especially true when such LINGUISTIC groups are treated as separate and unique "races".
An example of such contradictory statements can be found here:
quote: Whatever their precise origins, the Kanembu seem to have emerged as a distinct people two or three hundred years before the Hausas. Certainly Kanem was mentioned by the historian Yakubi, writing at the end of the ninth century 3, and the people are said to have embraced Islam as early as the last decade of the eleventh century, again two or three centuries sooner than the Hausas 4.
It was in the twelfth century that Kanem's expansion began. Under a vigorous ruler the Kanembu extended their influence southwards to obtain better control of the staples of the trans-Saharan trade gold, ivory, and of course slaves-and northwards to prevent the nomads of the desert from plundering their caravans 5. In the following century they pushed their settlements to the west until the whole northern shore of the Lake was in their grip 6. Next, dissident members of their ruling family, who had previously broken away to the east and founded the Bulala Dynasty in the new kingdom of Gaoga, returned to challenge their authority in Kanem. In the civil war which followed the Bulala were completely victorious and in about 1390 7 the
legitimate ruler and the loyalists were compelled to abandon the capital of Njimi and seek refuge in the new settlements to the west of the Lake. This shift marked the emergence of Bornu as a State distinct from Kanem and the Kanuri as a people distinct from the Kanembu.
During the ensuing period the Mais, as the Sultans of Bornu were called, gradually rebuilt their strength. In this they were greatly assisted by their success in winning the allegiance of the Shuwa Arabs, a fresh wave of immigrants who had poured into the central Sudan after the destruction of the Christian kingdom of Nubia, about a century earlier, and settled in fairly large numbers in the region south of the Lake.
The point being that Shuwa "Arabs" are just as black African as the Hausa or Fulani.
It is also interesting to note that many have taken the few true arabians that migrated to the region of the Upper Nile and tried to superimpose this identity over all the indigenous peoples of the region from Sudan to Chad. So-called Ethnoarchaologists seem to be trying to PERSUE the Shuwas as some "arab" tribe, separate and distinct from the indigenous African people who they really are. http://www.countrybookshop.co.uk/books/index.phtml?whatfor=9780739104071
What they are is Africans who speak ARABIC, but the people themselves are mostly Africans, especially NiloSaharans from Sudan and the Sahara. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baggara
This is a key connection between West and East Africa through the Sahara, but using terms like "Shuwa Arab" only serves to distort this relationship between these groups.
The reason I mention this is because many of the books I have that discuss the history of Islam and Africa, also present such broad and ambiguous terms without definition, thereby making the process of reconstructing the identity of these people somewhat confusing.
There is a map on this page that puts things somewhat in perspective:
posted
I too noticed UNESCO's lack of editorial uniformity in those volumes. It's well worth the time integrating chapters in near relation to each other but written by someone of a differing nationality.
One thing I found interesting is one author's "anecdote" that anyone taking on the stock raisng profession attained the title "public Fula," language be damned.
One thing about north-central and eastern West Africa is that it only takes one Arab in the paternal lineage for a person or ethny to identify as Arab. It's not biologically determinant.
But like you're saying, often enough "Arab" is used in the place of nomadic, beduin or migratory as a term describing "lifestyle" even where no Arabian peninsula ancestry is involved.
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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Especially when you consider that cattle herding pastoralists and nomads have been migrating throughout this area since many thousands of years ago.
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posted
Some interesting tales from the travels of Denham and Clapperton:
quote: Several days’ journey took the caravan into the neighbourhood of Kouka. They had been told that the sheikh’s soldiers were a few ragged negroes, armed with spears, who lived upon the plunder of the black Kaffir countries. Greatly to their astonishment, as they approached the town they beheld a body of several thousand cavalry, drawn up in line and extending right and left as far as they could see.
As the Arabs approached, a yell was given by the sheikhs people, which rent the air; and a blast being blown from their rude instruments, they moved on to meet Boo-Khaloum and his Arabs. Small bodies kept charging rapidly towards them, to within a few feet of their horses’ heads, without checking the speed of their own until the moment of their halting; then they wheeled at their utmost speed with great precision, shaking their spears over their heads, exclaiming, “Baka baka!” (“Blessing! blessing!”) They quickly, however, surrounded the caravan so as to prevent it moving on, which greatly enraged Boo-Khaloum, but to no purpose, as he was only answered by shrieks of welcome, and spears unpleasantly rattled over the traveller’s heads. In a short time, Barca Gana, the sheikh’s first general—a negro of noble aspect, clothed in a figured silk tobe, mounted on a beautiful Mandara horse—made his appearance, and cleared away those who had pressed upon them, when the party moved on slowly towards the city.
Arrived at the gates, Boo-Khaloum, with the English and about a dozen of his followers, alone were allowed to enter. They proceeded along a wide street completely lined with spearmen on foot, with cavalry in front of them, to the door of the sheikh’s residence. Here the horsemen were formed up three deep, and the party halted while some of the chief’s attendants came out and, after a great many “Baka’s! baka’s!” retired, when others performed the same ceremony. On this, Boo-Khaloum again lost patience, and swore by the pacha’s head that he would return to his tents, if he was not immediately admitted. Denham advised him to submit, and Barca Gana, appearing, invited him to dismount. The English were about to do the same, when an officer intimated that the Arab alone was to be admitted.
Another half-hour, and the gates were again opened, and the four Englishmen were called for. The strictest etiquette appeared to be kept up at the sheikh’s court; but the major and his companions declined doing more in the way of reverence than bending their heads and laying their right-hands on their hearts. They found the sheikh sitting on a carpet, in a small, dark room. He was plainly dressed in a blue tobe of Soudan and a small turban, with armed negroes on either side of him, and weapons hung up on the walls. His personal appearance was prepossessing, and he had an expressive countenance and a benevolent smile.
But of course, being a story written by the British, it must be said that it contains more than its fair share of biased observations. Note however, that even such biased observations strike a cord with images seen elsewhere, as in Egypt and the images fromt Amarna period. Big heads, big bellies and thin legs remind me very much of Akhenaten's court. However, in terms of West Africa, there is indeed a custom of shaping the heads of the children as infants, producing the elongated head as seen in the sculpures from Amarna.
quote: Soon after daylight the next morning they were summoned to attend the sultan. He received them in an open space in front of the royal residence. They were compelled to stop at a considerable distance from him, while his own people approached to within about a hundred yards, passing first on horseback, and, after dismounting and prostrating themselves before him, they took their places on the ground in front, but with their backs to the royal person. He was seated in a sort of cage made of cane, on a throne which appeared to be covered with silk or satin. Nothing could be more absurd and grotesque than the figures who formed his court. The sheikh, to make himself popular with all parties, allowed the sultan to be amused by indulging in all the folly and bigotry of the ancient negro sovereigns. Large bellies and large heads are considered the proper attributes of the courtiers, and those who do not possess the former by nature, make up the deficiency of protuberance by a wadding, which, as they sit on horseback, gives them a most extraordinary appearance, while the head is enveloped in folds of muslin or linen of various colours, of such size as to make the head appear completely on one side. The turbans are, besides, hung all-over with charms enclosed in little red leather bags. The horse is also adorned in the same manner.
When the courtiers had taken their seats, the visitors were desired to sit down. On this, the ugliest black that can be imagined, the only person who approached the sultan’s seat, asked for the presents. Boo-Khaloum produced them, enclosed in a large shawl, and they were carried unopened into the presence of the sultan. The English, by some omission, had brought no presents.
A little to their left was an extemporary declaimer, shouting forth the praises of his master, with his pedigree, and near him stood a man with a long, wooden trumpet, on which he ever and anon blew a blast.
Nothing could be more ridiculous than the appearance of these people, squatting down in their places, tottering under the weight and magnitude of their turbans and their bellies, while the thin legs that appeared underneath but ill accorded with the bulk of the other part.
From: see above
Here is an image showing the style of head elongation practiced among the Mangbetu of Congo:
And note here the further confusion thrown into the mix through the use of the term "Fulah" for the Fulani people. Here is an example of its meaning:
quote: Fulahs \Fu"lahs`\, Foolahs \Foo"lahs`\, n. pl.; sing. Fulah, Foolah. (Ethnol.) A peculiar African race of uncertain origin, but distinct from the negro tribes, inhabiting an extensive region of Western Soudan. Their color is brown or yellowish bronze. They are Mohammedans. Called also Fellatahs, Foulahs, and Fellani. Fulah is also used adjectively; as, Fulah empire, tribes, language.
posted
And to reinforce something I had said elsewhere, Europeans did not really go into the interior of Africa until the 1800s. One main reason is that the balance of power was in the favor of the Africans and their armies prior to the invention of maxim gun.
From a 1914 European reference book or encyclopedia on Africa:
quote: Why was Africa the last of the great continents to be effectively opened up? Partly because of the comparative abundance of its negro population, its warlike character and sturdiness of physique, which made it a very serious enemy to the pioneer before the days of machine guns; partly because of the great heat, and most of all, the moist heat of much of Negro Africa, and of the germ-diseases more prevalent there than any other part of the globe; and partly, perhaps mainly, because of the remarkable continuity of the African coastline, the striking absence of those great gulfs, those far-reaching straits or inlets of the sea, those rivers navigable from their mouths upwards for hundreds of miles, which are so prominent a feature in the geography of Asia, Europe, and the eastern side of America. Any far-reaching exploration of the African continent had to be made by land, over a country more savage, less imbued even with the elements of civilization than Asia or America. The navigability of rivers where it was not barred by cataracts or shallows, was choked with a growth of vegetation, the riding animals (horses, asses, oxen) were killed by the bite of the tsetse fly or by some other injected germ disease. All Africa outside the waterless deserts must have seemed to the first pioneers impassable from thickets or forest. In short, it needed tremendous resolution and bravery and all the most recent appliances of civilization before Africa could be conquered for the white man's knowledge. And this result has only been finally achieved within the memory of middle-aged people now living. In 1875 the interior of Africa was still very little known. By 1914 it had been made better known than the interior of Asia or South America.
And here is the typical European attitude towards African people in the early 1900s:
quote: The total population of Africa at the present day is probably something like 151,000,000, and apportioned racially would consist of 120,000,000 Negroes and Negroids, 6,000,000 pure-blooded Europeans (absolute White men of Northern or Mediterranean stock), and 25,000,000 of handsome, physically well developed, but mentally rather backward, dark-skinned Caucasians—Berbers, Arabs, Egyptians, Galas, and Abyssinians. Quite distinct, from the true Negro is the Bushman of South Africa, a somewhat (but not always) stunted race, with a yellow skin, very sparse and tightly curled hair, and other peculiar physical features not ordinarily met with in the Negro, though sometimes occurring in the people of the Mediterranean basin. The Hottentot is nothing but an early hybrid between the true Negro and the Bushman.
posted
The Queen of Sheba has nothing to do with Nigerian. The Queen of Sheba is from....Sheba! The Song of Solomon don't mention nothing about the Queen of Sheba. The woman in Song of Solomon was a Shulamite.
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posted
Yes. Everyone knows that, except the local bigotty crowd who, in their jealousy, want to misappropriate from those whom they hate.
Posts: 8014 | From: the Tekrur in the Western Sahel | Registered: Feb 2006
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