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Ancient DNA of Phoenician remains indicates discontinuity in the settlement history of Ibiza.
Zalloua P, et al. Sci Rep. 2018.
Abstract Ibiza was permanently settled around the 7th century BCE by founders arriving from west Phoenicia. The founding population grew significantly and reached its height during the 4th century BCE. We obtained nine complete mitochondrial genomes from skeletal remains from two Punic necropoli in Ibiza and a Bronze Age site from Formentara. We also obtained low coverage (0.47X average depth) of the genome of one individual, directly dated to 361-178 cal BCE, from the Cas Molí site on Ibiza. We analysed and compared ancient DNA results with 18 new mitochondrial genomes from modern Ibizans to determine the ancestry of the founders of Ibiza. The mitochondrial results indicate a predominantly recent European maternal ancestry for the current Ibizan population while the whole genome data suggest a significant Eastern Mediterranean component. Our mitochondrial results suggest a genetic discontinuity between the early Phoenician settlers and the island's modern inhabitants. Our data, while limited, suggest that the Eastern or North African influence in the Punic population of Ibiza was primarily male dominated.
-------------------- Black Roots. Posts: 2007 | From: Washington State | Registered: Oct 2006
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quote:" Shotgun sequencing of whole genome One individual, MS10614, was selected for shotgun sequencing based on the high coverage of the mitochondrial genome sequencing results. The amplified sequencing library prepared for hybridisation capture was submitted for shotgun sequencing using a 2 × 75 bp paired-end sequencing kit on one lane of a HiSeq at the Otago Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility. Sequencing reads were mapped to a human reference sequence (UCSC hg19), and genotypes were called by sampling a random read per SNP in the Human Origins SNP panel, using the ‘pileupCaller’ tool "
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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Bout time they start on the Balearic islands...geography! geography!geography!
-- Ibiza is one of the Balearic islands, an archipelago of Spain in the Mediterranean Sea. It's well known for the lively nightlife in Ibiza Town and Sant Antoni, where major European nightclubs have summer outposts. It’s also home to quiet villages, yoga retreats and beaches, from Platja d'en Bossa, lined with hotels, bars and shops, to quieter sandy coves backed by pine-clad hills found all around the coast.
-------------------- Without data you are just another person with an opinion - Deming Posts: 12143 | From: When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable | Registered: Jun 2007
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Interesting. By the way, before the Phoenician expansion, the Balearic Islands were home to Sea Peoples the Egyptians say dwelt in the 'amenty iwi' (western islands) identified with names like the Shardana, Shekelesh, and Lukka who first invaded the western Delta with help from some Libyans.
Archaeologically the Balearic Islands are identified with the Bronze Age Talaitot Culture identified with nuraghe towers and closely related to the Bronze Age cultures of Sardinia and Sicily.
-------------------- Mahirap gisingin ang nagtutulog-tulugan. Posts: 26267 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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Ancient DNA of Phoenician remains indicates discontinuity in the settlement history of Ibiza.
Zalloua P, et al. Sci Rep. 2018.
A total of 13 ancient tooth samples were obtained for aDNA analyses, from the Museu Arqueologic d’Elvissa i Formentera, in Ibiza, Spain: eleven samples from the urban Puig des Molins Necropolis, in the town of Eivissa11,18,19; one sample from the Cas Molí site, in Sant Antoni de Portmany20, also from the island of Ibiza; and one sample from the megalithic chamber tomb from the site of Ca na Costa, on Formentera 21. The archaeological context for these samples is provided in the Supplemental Data 1.
Posts: 42935 | From: , | Registered: Jan 2010
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^Lioness, Interesting to see, because most of these have been traced back to Africa. This was during the days when older poster were still here, and I was new here. So that info has been out for at least 10 years.
Hmm. there is a strong resemblance. Not exact, but it comes close.
quote:
The Minoan mtDNA haplotypes resembled those of the European populations. The majority of Minoans were classified in haplogroups H (43.2%), T (18.9%), K (16.2%) and I (8.1%). Haplogroups U5A, W, J2, U, X and J were each identified in a single individual. The greatest percentage of shared Minoan haplotypes was observed with European populations, particularly with individuals from Northern and Western Europe (26.98% and 29.28%, respectively) (Figs 2, 3, 4; Supplementary Table S7). Notably, in Fig. 4, a gradient can be observed, with the lowest affinity for Minoans found with Northern African populations and the percentage of haplotype sharing increasing as we move through the Middle East, Caucasus and the Mediterranean islands, southern Europe and mainland Europe (Fig. 4a). Of notice also is the high percentage of haplotype sharing with Bronze Age (Fig. 4c) and Neolithic (Fig. 4d) European populations.
~Jeffery R. Hughey Nature Communications volume 4, Article number: 1861 (2013) A European population in Minoan Bronze Age Crete
quote:There was a sizable increase in the number of the Punic burials at Puig des Molins during the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, indicating a surge in the population size of Ibiza10. This increase is largely attributed by historians to the movement of people from other prospering Phoenician/Punic settlements in nearby Sardinia and Carthage10. Despite anthropological evidence supporting the presence of North and sub-Saharan African ancestry in Punic individuals from the Island of Ibiza57, mitochondrial lineages exclusively associated with North Africa or the Near East were not observed in our ancient Ibizan samples, although several of these lineages were previously identified in Phoenician samples from Sardinia, i.e. haplogroup N1b1a53. Our results cannot, however, rule out the arrival of admixed individuals with European maternal ancestry from Phoenician sites in Sardinia, North Africa or the Iberian mainland. In fact, we previously identified a likely Iberian mtDNA haplotype, U5b2c1, in a young Carthaginian23, suggesting the presence of an admixed population there by late 6th century BCE. We also note that haplogroups H1 and H3, while European in origin, are also found at high frequency in North African populations, particularly H1, which is today found at levels of 40–45% in northwest Africa56,58. […]
Haplogroup L2c however, which was identified in two unrelated, modern Ibizans, has not been found in Berbers60. It is typically a West African, sub-Saharan lineage and it may have been introduced during the Islamic expansion which had significant exchange with the entire African continent. Alternatively, it could have been a more recent arrival, perhaps the result of the transatlantic slave trade59. Botigué et al.61, showed in their whole genome analyses that sub-Saharan ancestry was less than 1% in Europe, except for the Canary Islands, where Maca-Meyer et al.62 found L2c in both 17th and 18th century historic and modern individuals. Another sub-Saharan lineage, L1b has also been identified in a Late Chalcolithic population in central Iberia38 and in one 7th century CE sample from Mallorca39.
These are some of the reference papers they've used to sequence the Phoenicians:
3.Matisoo-Smith, E. et al. Ancient Mitogenomes of Phoenicians: A story of colonization, integration, and female mobility in Sardinia. PLoS One (2018).
34. Olivieri, A. et al. Mitogenome Diversity in Sardinians: a Genetic Window onto an Island’s Past. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34, 1230–1239, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx082 (2017).
43. Ingman, M., Kaessmann, H., Paabo, S. & Gyllensten, U. Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans. Nature 408, 708–713 (2000).
44. Bandelt, H.-J. et al. Low “penetrance” of phylogenetic knowledge in mitochondrial disease studies. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 333, 122–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.04.055 (2005).
45. Achilli, A. et al. Saami and Berbers–An Unexpected Mitochondrial DNA Link. The American Journal of Human Genetics 76, 883–886 (2005).
46. Mishmar, D. et al. Natural selection shaped regional mtDNA variation in humans. P Natl Acad Sci USA 100, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0136972100 (2003).
47. Roostalu, U. et al. Origin and expansion of haplogroup H, the dominant human mitochondrial DNA lineage in West Eurasia: the Near Eastern and Caucasian perspective. Mol Biol Evol 24, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msl173 (2007).
Posts: 22235 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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quote:Originally posted by Djehuti: Interesting. By the way, before the Phoenician expansion, the Balearic Islands were home to Sea Peoples the Egyptians say dwelt in the 'amenty iwi' (western islands) identified with names like the Shardana, Shekelesh, and Lukka who first invaded the western Delta with help from some Libyans.
Archaeologically the Balearic Islands are identified with the Bronze Age Talaitot Culture identified with nuraghe towers and closely related to the Bronze Age cultures of Sardinia and Sicily.
Hmm you are well educated on these ancient cultures at the Mediterranean. I am only now starting to invest time into that. Posts: 22235 | From: האם אינכם כילדי הכרית אלי בני ישראל | Registered: Nov 2010
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^ It is an interesting subtopic of ancient history that not many people focus on, especially since islands of the western Mediterranean are another source of the 'Sea Peoples'. Most scholars tend to focus only on the Eastern Mediterranean part.
-------------------- Mahirap gisingin ang nagtutulog-tulugan. Posts: 26267 | From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA | Registered: Feb 2005
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quote: It is typically a West African, sub-Saharan lineage and it may have been introduced during the Islamic expansion which had significant exchange with the entire African continent.
~Zalloua P, et al. Sci Rep. 2018. Ancient DNA of Phoenician remains indicates discontinuity in the settlement history of Ibiza.
quote:The presence of African individuals in Punic populations from the Island of Ibiza (Spain): contributions from physical anthropology
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I am only now starting to invest time into that. ![[Frown]](frown.gif)
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