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O.T.: Olmec Writing Movie
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Chimu: [QB] [QUOTE]Clyde Winters: This movie explains why some Mexicans look like Africans. [URL=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dq9DiiHCd9U]web page[/URL] [/QUOTE]hmmm [QUOTE]LMAO. Olmec98 is the very fraud I was talking about in my video, Clyde Winters. Look at how deceptive he is: First he shows an imag ofTaharqa which post dates the Olmec by by over 200 years. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taharqa Make sure you look at the image on the right, not cut out, and look at the picture in the center of the first image on this video. Now remember the life time of Taharqa: 690 BC to 664 BC, and compare it to 1200 BCE to about 400 BCE. And note the styles are quite different. Second fraudulent claim: African Y Chromosomes among Maya. What the actual study said: "One Mayan male, previously shown to have an African Y-chromosome, had the 194-bp C haplotype." Seielstad, M. T., Herbert, J. M., Lin, A. A., Underhill, P. A., Ibrahim, M., Vollrath, D. & Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (1994) Hum.Mol. Genet. 12, 2159-2161. He was the ONLY male shown to have a African Y chromosome in the whole population. Further more when I asked Professor Underhill: "It was never my intention to claim or imply of any Pre-Colombian contact with Africans. That is an extraordinary inference. Such extraordinary conclusions need extraordinary data to have traction. Such extraordinary data do not exist in my opinion. To the best of my knowledge their is no compelling evidence for this imaginative scenario. All "African" Y data in the New World that I have seen is consistent with post-European contact rather then the fanciful leap made by others. While numerous papers (see attached) concerning the S.American gene pool show signals of African admixture, this is best viewed through the lens of the past 500 years. It is noteworthy to appreciate that the Y chromosome African perspective is actually relatively minor in comparison to the arrival of European Y chromosomes during the past 500 years." Underhill's article can be seen here: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/93/1/196 In other words, false claim. Claims of the Cora and Huichol? In fact, in Lisker's study of most native populations, they did not use a trihybrid analysis because of no African admixture found, only with the Cora and Chontal, was this done. Because ONE Cora and TWO Chontal were found with African admixture. Of the whole Cora and Chontal population. Lisker's full article for those who don't like to be bamboozled. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3659/is_199606/ai_n8744183/print The claim by Guthrie of HLAs like A*28? Guthrie is no doctor, but an industrial chemist and a known hyperdiffusionist who writes fro NEARA a hyperdiffusionist magazine. Already posted responses to Guthrie's similar claims before: The HLA allele group A*31 (that is, allele A*310102, the most usual of the A*31 alleles) has a wide distribution and occurs in populations of all continents. The possibility of an "early intercourse between Brazil and Africa" in not supported by the frequencies of this allele in some African and Amerindian populations. In fact, HLA data (various loci / many alleles) support the hypothesis of Asian origin. Even the many HLA alleles seen only in Amerindians of (nowadays) Latin America and nowhere else (notice that A*31 is not one of these alleles) are most easily explained by local origin, involving a set of ancestral alleles brought to America by the Asian founder populations. In summary: the global distribution of the A*31 allele does not support and early direct contact between African and American populations. The most plausible explanation for the high frequency seen in Amerindians and in some other populations is random genetic drift and natural selection. For a discussion about the HLA polymorphism in Amerindians (origins of alleles vs. origins of the Amerindians), see: Parham P, Arnett KL, Adams EJ, Little A-M, Tees K, Barber LD, Marsh SGE, Ohta T, Markow T, Petzl-Erler ML. Episodic evolution and turnover of HLA-B in the indigenous human populations of the Americas. Tissue Antigens 50:219-232, 1997. Prof. Dr. M. Luiza Petzl-Erler, Genetics HLA is a system which is very likely under very strong natural selection, though we may not necessarily understand the nature of such selection in any particular case. Strong selection can alter allele frequencies very fast - 1000 times faster that fluctuations in neutral genes usually occur. Furthermore, looking to some other and more neutral genetic systems - such as mtDNA - there is not a slightest hint about Pre-Columbian gene flow between Africa (Sahara or sub-Saharan alike) and Americas. One may say that such a flow did not involve women (a reasonable explanation). However - the Y chromosome is a very unreliable marker system here because virtually all Amerind Y chromosome pools of different tribes encompass a considerable, sometimes very large share, of European, and depending on tribe, European and African Y chromosomes. Finally - Amerind tribal gene frequencies are in general very spotty - people believe that this is because of random genetic drift in small isolated populations. Therefore - frequency differences even in an order of magnitude scale are not really surprising. Dr. Richard Villems, Genetics This section of chromosome #5 is the weapons factory for our species's eternal war against germs. Its genes produce the lymphocytes and antibodies that defend us. Because of this, it has two features that make it unsuitable for tracking migrations, in my view. First, it evolves and mutates at a phenomenal rate. Nearly every generation carries some new twist in this section of DNA. (You can see why this must be. If it were not so, the germs would have won long ago.) The [Guthrie's] article also mentions other markers (including the cde blood types, other blood proteins, and mtDNA). Judging by those observations, it appears to me that the author may tend to interpret evidence of admixture as evidence of precolumbian transoceanic contact, rather than as merely showing post-colonization mixing. It is not clear how he would tell them apart. Specifically, I have no problem with the sentence, "The surprisingly high frequencies in the Mande, Tigre, and Tuareg samples could be the result of early intercourse between Brazil and Africa." I just do not find it persuasive evidence of precolumbian contact. The mixed Portuguese in colonial Brazil imported huge numbers of mixed slaves from northwest Africa. Dr. Frank Sweet, Molecular Anthropology The use of mtDNA and Y-chromosome uses sections that are not adaptive so that mutation and thus the distributions are due to random occurrences. HLA however depend on what exposure the populations have been exposed to. If different populations are exposed to the same infections, they will end up with similar HLAs even though then may not be related or ever in contact. I'm sure people try to compensate for that, but inherently HLA will be less accurate. Bernard Ortiz de Montellano, Anthropology As for the B Allele claim, LOL it is common in the Eskimo and Angmagssalik of Greenland. As well as the Russian, etc. So are the Mayan Slavic now? The East Coast of Mexico has about the same admixture as Puerto Rico BECAUSE those regions had slaves. Not the indigenous populations though. All the CITIES mentioned had a post colonial African presence. Nothing to do with the Maya, Huichol, Toltec, etc. Like I said, Fraud. And by the way, NO EVIDENCE WHATSOEVER of what the Olmec called themselves. [/QUOTE] [QUOTE]ie below discusses the various Negro Mexicans who lived in the region before Columbus. [URL=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqG6ser6I0A]web page[/URL] [/QUOTE]Which was addressed by the first video I posted. [URL=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtdLCuQVaKs]For Afrocentrics Claiming Olmecs[/URL] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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