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Who were the Medes and Persians?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by arman: [qb] Oh Look another white person with curly hair. [IMG]http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/666028/666028,1323030440,22/stock-photo-lovely-model-with-shiny-volume-curly-hair-winter-white-eyeshadows-make-up-pale-lips-and-pink-90206227.jpg[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE] [QUOTE]Originally posted by arman: [qb] Oh look, even Tom Jones has curly hair, is he black too? [IMG]http://www.librarising.com/astrology/celebs/images2/T-Z/tomjones.jpg[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE] [QUOTE]Originally posted by arman: [qb] Oh look, even Don Stark from that 70's show has curly hair. Is he black too? [IMG]http://img1.tvloop.com/img/showpics/a4/e0/l35a7d66d0000_1_2934.jpg[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE] [QUOTE]Originally posted by arman: [qb] Oh, look even Danny Masterson from that 70's show has a curly hair. Is he black too? Am I embarrassing you guys? Tell when you had enough. [IMG]http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20110315033416/that70sshow/images/thumb/c/c9/Steven_Hyde1.jpg/250px-Steven_Hyde1.jpg[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE] [QUOTE]Originally posted by arman: [qb] Oh look, even james caan has curly hair. Is he black too? [IMG]http://www.google.com.au/url?source=imglanding&ct=img&q=http://www.movieautographsww.com/images/JAMES-CAAN-808.jpg&sa=X&ei=rPIkT9_dFsOaiAeA05GZBA&ved=0CAwQ8wc4Gg&usg=AFQjCNH_qCbVgW3R0HbGyTKwTW3nLXMc5g[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE] [QUOTE]Originally posted by arman: [qb] Oh look, even Jeremy Clarkson has curly hair. Is he black too? [IMG]http://images.theage.com.au/2011/03/14/2231325/clarkson_729-420x0.jpg[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE]You don't know their genetic makeup and ancestry. [QUOTE] Dr. Rick A Kittles The graph also depicts another variable, one that is of interest to the historian—endogamous group membership or ethnic self-identity. Each dot in the chart is encoded to show whether the person sampled claimed to be a member of the U.S. White endogamous group (diamond shape, 187 individuals) or of the U.S. Black endogamous group (open circle, 232 individuals). (The x-shaped plots represent a population of British West Indian ethnicity living in London.12) The graph refers to these three groups as European American, African American, and African Caribbean, respectively, and the text explains that this trait was self-assessed and independent of actual genetics. With this added information, three aspects of the scatter diagram suddenly jump out at you. First, there is significant overlap between White and Black Americans regarding Afro-European genetic admixture. Some so-called “Black” Americans have less DNA admixture of African ancestral origin than do some so-called “White” Americans. Second, the admixture range of Black Americans spans the entire chart. While most of the subjects who self-identify as Black (marked as circles) have strong African admixture (are found towards the right), some have little or no African admixture (are found at the left edge). Finally, although the range of genetic admixture in those who self-identify as “White” is narrower than the admixture range of Blacks, it is still significant. Many so-called “White” Americans have as much as 20 percent or more of African genetic admixture. The next graph, “Afro-European Genetic Admixture as a Function of Ethnicity” below, was taken from a different study. It also matches ancestral continent-of-origin genetic admixture for several hundred individuals with their ethnic self-identity or endogamous group membership. [IMG]http://dl.dropbox.com/u/38568440/Textures/Anthropology/C2-10.jpg[/IMG] [/QUOTE] [QUOTE] [b]Genetic Admixture is not the Same as Appearance[/b] About one-third of White Americans are of between two and twenty percent recent African genetic admixture, as measured by the ancestry-informative markers in their DNA.19 This comes to about 74 million Americans. And yet, day-to-day experience teaches that virtually all White Americans look, well, White. Some may look more Mediterranean and others may look more Nordic, but very few White Americans have a distinctively African appearance. How can one reconcile DNA measurements with common experience?An anecdote may help illustrate the problem. Look again at the chart of Skin Tone as Function of Afro-European Admixture. Consider one of the graph’s outlier points—a “European American” individual plotted as having 11 percent20 African genetic admixture. Dr. Shriver, the project team leader, became curious about this individual for two reasons. First, the person’s African genetic admixture was unusually high for someone who self-identified as a member of the U.S. White endogamous group. Second, the sample had been taken from State College, Pennsylvania, the site of Dr. Shriver’s own campus.21 According to Dr. Shriver: [i]I had the result for two or three years before I even looked up the ID number of the person whom we tested. I looked at who it was and it was me! I checked myself and the rest of my relatives and tracked it through my family. I never considered that there were any African people in my family. There’s no real variation in my family. The admixture must have been pretty far back. It just so happens that we can detect it with the markers we have. My mom especially stood out as being surprised, maybe because I told her it was coming through her father. She still doesn’t believe it about her family! The part of Pennsylvania where my mother’s father came from is where the Underground Railroad ended. There are several towns right here in Southern Pennsylvania where there are very light-skinned African-American communities that are the remnants of the Underground Railroad.22[/i] [/QUOTE][IMG]http://img359.imageshack.us/img359/1781/eurohaplopa2.jpg[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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