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The North-South relationship..Mahgreb and Sudan..
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [qb] LOL! You don't have to quote me for that. Just ask him for his sources that describe the ancestry and phenotype of this person from the histories written at the time. Certainly we cannot expect one image from a non Muslim work to be taken as the definitive truth? And this is only one person what does that say about the rest of the Almohad movement? [/qb][/QUOTE]Of course it's not one image it's multiple images from Alfonso X. Look at these manuscript illustrations, then what is your conclusion about them? the Almohad dynasty was founded by an Atlas mountain Berber Ibn Tumart. In 1125 he began open revolt against Almoravid rule. __________________________________ backtrack: The Almoravid dynasty originated amongst the Lamtuna and the Gudala, which were nomadic Berber tribes of the Sahara traversing the territory between southern Morocco, the Niger river and the Senegal river. The western Sanhaja had been converted to Islam sometime in the 9th C. They were subsequently united in the 10th C., and with the zeal of neophyte converts launched several campaigns against the Sudanese pagan black peoples of sub-Saharan Africa. Under their king Tinbarutan ibn Usfayshar, the Sanhaja Lamtuna erected (or captured) the citadel of Awdaghust, a critical stop on the trans-Saharan trade route. After the collapse of the Sanhaja union, Awdagust passed over to the Ghana empire and the trans-Saharan routes were taken over by the Zenata Maghrawa of Sijilmassa. The Maghrawa also exploited this disunion to dislodge the Sanhaja Gazzula and Lamta out of their pasturelands in the Sous and Draa valleys. see: Lewicki, T. (1988) "The Role of the Sahara and Saharians in relationships between north and south", in M. Elfasi, editor, General History of Africa, Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century, UNESCO. 1992 ed., ch.11, p.276-313. here Mr. Jari: http://books.google.com/books?id=tw0Q0tg0QLoC&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=%22The+Role+of+the+Sahara+and+Saharians+in+relationships+% all of this in context of the Muslim copnquestof North Africa, a monotheist religion and expansionist political movement, it's spiritual center Mecca, Arabia . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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