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The North-South relationship..Mahgreb and Sudan..
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness: [b] Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada[/b] [IMG]http://s3.noelshack.com/uploads/images/21109046854203_119.gif[/IMG] Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada died 1266) was an Almohad caliph who reigned in part of Morocco from 1248 until his death. a portrait done in his lifetime commissioned by Castilian monarch Alfonso X (23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) [/QUOTE]dana marniche: Do you think just because Alphonse had his man depict some blonde red people probably similar to his own Gallic kind that these were actually a true reflection of Masmuda Berber dynasty known as Al-Muwahhidun or Almohades, or any other Berber tribe of that era. [/QUOTE]As with Alphonso X's book of games the below, these images of Muslim soldiers show both Africans and non-African Arabs, people not similar to his own Castilians: [IMG]http://mathildasanthropologyblog.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/moors4.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://art.unt.edu/medieval-symposium/images/presentation/cosgrove.jpg[/IMG] the term "black" was not used in medieval writings as it is in modern America to mean dark skinned people of African descent. In Medieval times and later the term "black" included swarthy non-African types as well as dark skinned (and lighter skinned) Africans. These were all "blacks" relative to paler Europeans. Even today in some parts of Europe, Dutch schools which are comprised of many Muslim immigrants are often called "black" schools even though some of these schools have a lot more brown skinned Turks and brown skinned non-African Middle Easterners but a lesser amount of dark skinned North Africans. [QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: It is no longer funny what you are doing. [/QUOTE]I never intended this stuff to be funny [QUOTE]Originally posted by dana marniche: Here is what a recent author writes about al-Murtada whose people never saw Alphonse contrary to your half-lying suggestions and picture spam. "Of the motley of troops that had declared allegiance to al-Murtada only his own guard composed mainly of black African soldiers, remained loyal in fighting a losing battle against the stronger and better trained Sanhaja army"!!!! p. 234 Occident and Orient by Sandor Scheiber, 1988. [/QUOTE]This is exactly what Alphoso X depicts as Muslims armies, a "motely" crew, a variety of differnt ethnicities. More from your source, Occident and Orient by Sandor Scheiber, 1988: [IMG]http://picturestack.com/252/139/ROuPicture126Q.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://picturestack.com/252/140/fJOPicture4SIs.png[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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