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The Moriscos: The Christian Muurs of Spain
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness: [QB] My sources say you are a Muurish battywashologist, correct? getting back on topic: Moriscos were the converted Christian inhabitants of Spain and Portugal of Muslim heritage. Over time the term was used in a pejorative sense applied to those nominal Catholics who were suspected of secretly practicing Islam. [IMG]http://wa1.www.artehistoria.jcyl.es/histesp/jpg/HIP18723.jpg[/IMG] de Espanol i Mulata Morisco Siglo XVIII Some definitions from Mexico, the Morisco and other racial concepts. Note here the Morisco is considered less "black" than the mulatto: The Spanish authorities in Mexico made every attempt, at least at first, to describe a person’s race very specifically, with a word that indicated percentages of one racial addition to another. Consequently, the list of terms is very long. However, most of them are never actually encountered. So for the sake of simplicity, I am only including definitions of words that I’ve actually seen. (If you would like a more complete list, try here.) Just for entertainment, I’m also posting four “Pinturas de Castas,” which reveal just how preoccupied people were back then with racial mixing. This type of painting was fairly common and almost a kind of souvenir that a Spaniard visiting colonial Mexico might take home with him. [b]Mulatto[/b] – “mule” – Half European, half African. However, it is very commonly used to describe people who are not half & half at all. It seems to be used to suggest very substantial black ancestry, eventually including anyone who looked mostly African, whatever the other additions may have been [b]Morisco[/b] – “moorish” – In Mexico it meant 3/4 European and 1/4 African. In other words, the child of one white parent and one mulatto (half white, half black) parent. It might have meant a mostly white person with evident African features. I have not seen this term used often. [b]Tresalba[/b] – “three white” – Same as Morisco. I’ve only seen this term used twice, for two people in the same family. Even less common than Morisco. [b]Yndio [/b]– “Indian” – A person of more or less all indigenous ancestry. This term was also loosely used for anyone who looked mostly like a native and lived with native peoples in their community. I have also seen the expression “de calidad yndio” used to describe such a person. There is a strong cultural element to this description, since native people often lived in their own communities and spoke their own languages, even right up until today. [b]Coyote [/b]– “coyote” – A person who is 3/4 Indian and 1/4 European. The child of a Mestizio & an Indian. Again, I’ve seen this term used quite often and quite indiscriminately. I think it is probably used to indicate a person who looks mostly Indian and lives like an Indian, but who clearly has some white ancestry. [b]Español[/b] – Spanish – This actually means someone of all European ancestry, whether Spanish or not. However, I have often seen it used with people of mixed ancestry, but who had reached a certain level of respectability. It is as much a socio-economic label as anything, especially in the later colonial years. Just like “Yndio,” it meant someone who lived a particular way at a particular place in society. [b]Lobo [/b]– “wolf” – A person with 3/4 Indian & 1/4 African ancestry. In other words, an Indian with one black grandparent. In the real world, however, I have seem this term used somewhat indiscriminately to describe someone who, I would assume, is essentially Indian but with some features hinting at African blood. ________________________________________ Here is an older Spanish item from the Cantigas de Santa María [IMG]http://picturestack.com/41/597/OfQPicture1jNC.png[/IMG] Rabé morisco or Moorish rebab from the Cantigas de Santa Maria manuscript. The Cantigas de Santa Maria (Songs to the Virgin Mary) are manuscripts written in Galician-Portuguese, with music notation, during the reign of Alfonso X El Sabio (1221-1284) and are one of the largest collections of monophonic (solo) songs from the Middle ages. ____________________________________________ [IMG]http://sbachmann360.umwblogs.org/files/2010/12/Expulsion-Moriscos.jpg[/IMG] Expulsion of the Moriscos by Juan de Ribera ca. 1638 When the Moriscos were expelled from Spain, they left a void in their place. They were the majority of agricultural laborers, and composed a third of the population of Valencia. The removal of the Moriscos did mean that their abandoned land passed into the hands of remaining Christian families, and was quite profitable for them.[1] The Christian expansion and recovery lasted just a short while; the expulsion and depopulation heralded a decline of Valencia. Landlords made resettlement difficult with “draconian conditions imposed upon the new settlers by their feudal lords,” and as many Moriscos left Spain without paying their debts, those left behind were saddled with making up the difference.The land that the Moriscos left behind was generally of poor quality, and bankers were wary of providing loans, since they had been burned so badly when the Moriscos were expelled. However, Valencia had already been in decline since well before 1609, and Valencia’s problems can’t be placed solely at the feet of the expelled Moriscos. It is convenient to connect the depopulation of Valencia to it economic decline, but correlation does not equal causation. The Morisco population can be compared to guest-workers providing supplementary labor, however, unlike modern guest-worker programs, the Moriscos stayed whether or not they were needed. With Spain’s economy in decline, their supplementary labor had ceased being economically useful. The Moriscos also were not completely integrated into the local economy; they lived and worked together, duplicating the skills of the larger population without endangering its survival. They did not have irreplaceable skills, and could be easily removed once the government deemed them a threat.[5] Even though the Moriscos composed a large portion of the population in Valencia and the southern parts of Spain, they were mostly unskilled laborers and kept to themselves, so they functioned as a self-contained economy. Their removal did not affect Spain economically in the long term, unlike what popular opinion has assumed. ______________________________________________ Ironlion you are Nigerian. The true Moors had ancestry in part from North Africa. You are not North African. You are not Moorish stop playing games lioness [/QB][/QUOTE]
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