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Haplogroups and Black Native Americans
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [IMG]https://www.webmedcentral.com/articlefiles/1bceb7f1089567a5a436eac0ba29f695.jpg[/IMG] HLA data was used in this study. HLA data bases and literature for Meso-Amerindians (MA) and SubSaharan Africans (SSA) was analyzed to determine the frequency of HLA B*35 among these populations. The HLA literature review focused on West African SSA and Mexican Native Americans HLA alleles. In Figure 1, we see the distribution of HLA B*35 among SSA and MA populations. HLA B*35 locus alleles have been detected among many Amerindian populations in Meso-America. The HLA B*35 alleles are frequently found among Guatemalan Maya (45.9%), Huastec (38.9%) and Nahuas (36.8%) (Arnaiz-Villena et al., 2000). In relation to Mexican Native Americans frequent HLA B*35 extended haplotypes complexes. These complexes include A*02-B*35 among Mayans (10.6%), Mixtecan (3%), Mazatecans (2.5%); A*24 B*35 DRBI*0407-DQB1*0302 Mayans (5%); A*24 B*35 DRBI*0802nDQBT*0402 Mixteca (5%),and Mayan (4.2%) (Arnaiz-Villena, 2006, 2014). HLA B*35 is very common among SSA populations (Allsopp et al., 1992). HLA B*35 among SSA populations is identical to HLA-B*53, except for a short sequence specifying the Bw4 motif. This has led researchers to conclude that HLA B*53 results from gene conversion. HLA B*35 alleles are common in the Gambia (16%) region of Africa and Mali (18%) (Allsopp et al., 1992). An examination of HLA B*35 among specific SSA populations indicate that the highest frequency among West Africans is found among the Mandinka (31.4). Other SSA populations that carry HLA B*35 include the Jola (22.8%), Wolof (27.55) and the Fula (27.8%) (Wailoo, 2002). . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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