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Destruction of The Indian System of Education by British
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [IMG]http://static.squarespace.com/static/525184f6e4b00c64c3d258d2/t/525a77f8e4b0ac69ea650681/1381660671552/geno-project-human-migration-map_print.jpg[/IMG] [QUOTE]Originally posted by lamin: Lioness, You must admit that the Spencer Wells's map is not only inaccurate but incomplete. Given that humans began in Africa some 160-200K years ago and left the continent--of course the migrants did not know that they were leaving what geographers later called "the continent of Africa" [b] only some 50-60KYA[/b] then clearly the [b] intra-Africa[/b] migratory/haplogroup arrows would be about 3 times to 4 times that of the migratory arrows for the [b] rest[/b] of the world. [b]There would be migratory arrows all over the African continent from North to South and East to West. Again 3-4 times as many as elsewhere[/b] [/QUOTE]your comment makes no sense at all. A map of out of Africa migrations is not supposed to show internal migrations, that's why it's called "Out of Africa Route" Internal migrations prior to people leaving Africa is a different subject and therefore different map and would have migration paths inside Africa as would a bantu migration map. [IMG]http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/12/photogalleries/journey_of_man/images/popup/jm2l.jpg[/IMG] ^^^ Another Out of Africa map, note no internal migration routes because the subject of the map is early human migration after leaving Africa not before. Note mtDNA M172, aka J2 dated migration from out of the Near East 10k There is also the spread of YDNA , see below U6 [IMG]http://picturestack.com/980/20/VIVPicture25w1k.png[/IMG] ^ Note Haplgroup M172 aka J-M172 or more commonly known as J2 The date of origin for haplogroup J-M172 was estimated by Batini et al in 2015 as between 19,000 and 24,000 Years Before Present (YBP).[2] Samino et al in 2004 dated the origin of the parent haplogroup, J-P209, to between 18,900 and 44,500 YBP. Per research by Di Giacomo 2004, J-M172 haplogroup spread into Southern Europe" from either the Levant or Anatolia, likely parallel to the development of agriculture Haplogroup J-M172 is found mainly in the Fertile Crescent, the Caucasus (Nasidze 2003), Anatolia, the Balkans, Italy, the Mediterranean littoral, and the Iranian plateau(Semino 2004). The highest reported frequency of J-M172 ever was 87.4%, among Ingush in Malgobek, Russia (Balanovsky 2011) [QUOTE]Originally posted by lamin: That back migration into North Africa would not be accurate except in modern times when the Arabs invaded North Africa. What Wells fails to point out is the the signature haplogroup for North Africa is E1b1b not J--which is the signature Arab and West Asian haplogroup. Yet there are those who argue that original J originated in the Sudan area. The map is carelessly done and patently Eurocentric. [/QUOTE]Haplogroup j has been described as a signature of the Neolithic expansion into Europe from the Middle East . Another possible signature of this Back to Africa movement could be the IJ haplogroup defined by marker M429 , which bifurcated early, spreading haplogroup I throughout Europe and haplogroup J through the Middle East, Ethiopia and North Africa. The ancient coalescence calculated for J1-M267 further reinforces this hypothesis. North Africa received Semitic migrations, according to some studies it may have been diffused in recent time by Arabs who, mainly from the 7th century a.d., expanded to northern Africa (Arredi 2004 and Semino 2004). However the Canary islands is not known to have had any Semitic language. There J-M267 is dominated by J-P58, and dispersed in a very uneven manner according to studies so far, often but not always being lower among Berber and/or non-urban populations. In Ethiopia there are signs of older movements of J-M267 into Africa across the Red Sea, not only in the J-P58 form. This also appears to be associated with Semitic languages https://books.google.com/books?id=1CBEwqfGf8gC&printsec=f [IMG]https://i.imgbox.com/hahJA5Xq.png[/IMG] [IMG]https://i.imgbox.com/IQ4hEXLv.png[/IMG] [b]The history of the North African mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 gene flow into the African, Eurasian and American continents[/b] 2014 http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-14-109 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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