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The Nubian Kametian Sumerian Dravidian World View
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] If the NKSD people came from the same cultural and genetic background, we can hypothesize that they would have similar terms for sea going vessels or boats. To test this hypothesis we must look at the history of naval technology in Middle Africa, the original homeland of the Kametian –Sumerian-Dravidian speaking people. Boat building has been known in Africa for thousands of years. [IMG]http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/arts/2003/04/07/Saharan_rock_big.jpg[/IMG] Reed boats, and reed boat illustrations throughout Middle Africa. For example, today reed boats are still constructed by the Mande speaking Bozo people and Dravidian speaking people in India. The boat has played an important role in Africa since prehistoric times. As early as Nagada I (4000-3500 BC) Africans were depicting boats on their pottery (Robert Partridge, ,p.16). The same style boats are found in the Sahara at Tin Tazarift (Ki-Zerbo,1979,1981). Between 3500-3000BC we find evidence of sails on pottery from Nubia and Egypt ( Partridge,1996). The Prophet Isaiah mentions the expertise of the Kushites when he noted in the Bible at Isaiah 18:12 that: " Country of the whirring wings beyond the rivers of Cush, who send ambassadors by sea, in papyrus ships over the waters". This indicates that as late as the Meroitic Kushite empire papyrus boast were still being used by Africans. Because the early civilization builders in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley, Africa, and China after 3500 BC, originated in the Sahara there existed great similarity between boats engraved on rocks in Mesopotamia, Indus Valley/ India and ancient boats in the Sahara and Nile Valley (Hornell,1920). Walter Resch (1967), noted that apart from human and animal figures appearing on the Nubian rock drawings, the most dominant motif is that of reed boats, many of these boats like the boats at Nagada II, had sails. Henri Lhote during his 1956 expedition to the Highland Tassili region of Algeria also found reed boat engravings (Lhote, 1957). Boats with sails were still being used in throughout Africa in 1500BC. Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt, recorded in her temple at Deir el Bahri a Puntite ship which had sails and 60 oars. This indicates that African ships were usually prepared for sailing the oceans through the power of the wind, and /or by sail. Punt is believed to be ancient Somalia/Ethiopia. The people who presently live in Ethiopia call the Puntite empire, the Arwe empire. Other examples of reed boats have been found in Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley. It is among the engraved Saharan boats that we see the first use of masts and sails, along with cabins on the decks of ships as early as 3100 BC. As a result the ancient Proto-Saharans share the same name for boat: [list] [*]Dravidian (Tamil) Kalan Sumerian Kalam Mande Kulu [/list] Papyrus boats were capable of traveling thousands of miles over the open seas. Earastosthenes, chief librarian of the Egyptian papyrus library in Alexandria said that papyrus ships,with the same sails and riggings as on the Nile sailed as far as Ceylon and the mouth of the Ganges (Indus Valley)(Hyderdahl, 1981). In summary, the rock art from the Sahara, across Mesopotamia, and India are identical. It indicates that during Proto-Saharan times each community (Mande >Proto-Olmec, Sumerian, Dravidian, etc.) had marine architects, shipbuilders and expert sailors. The presence of an elevayed bow and stern and the peculiar "bowstring" astern and "fuse" for the rudder oar, indicate that the ships used by the Proto-Saharans, including the Mande and Dravidians were used for navigation in the open seas. As a consequence of the shared term for boat among the Dravidian and Sumerian people we must accept the theory that these people developed their seafaring skills in a common homeland before they settled Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley. The fact that the Mande speaking people, who formerly lived predominately in the Fezzan (Libya), but now are found in West Africa, have the same term for boat used by the Sumerians and Dravidians make it clear that the homeland for these people by Col. Rawlinson was Middle Africa. The evidence of common boat technology for Mesopotamians and Harappans, and term for boat indicate that their seafaring skill can be explained by their former habitation of Middle Africa,before they moved into Asia. Reference: Heyderdahl,T. (1981). Early Man and the Sea, New York. Hornell,__.(1920). Indian Boat Designs", Mem. As. Soc. Bengal, 7(3): 192). Ki-Zerbo,J. (1979). "Old Masters of the New Stone Age", The Unesco Courier. Ki-Zerbo,J. (1981). African Preclassic Art. In General History of Africa: methodology and African Prehistory, (Ed.) by J. Ki-Zerbo (pp.672,676). UNESCO. Lhote,H.(1957). A la decouverte des freques, Paris). Partridge,R.(1996).Transport in ancient Egypt,The Rubicon Press. Resch,W.F.E.(1967). Die Felsbilder Nubiens. Graz [/QB][/QUOTE]
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