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Yam an expansive kingdom
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Shebitku: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [IMG]http://olmec98.net/puntite2.jpg[/IMG] [/QUOTE]I believe Yam was in the western desert in Darfur-Ennedi region rather than southern Sudan [QUOTE]An interesting, albeit puzzling, factor of Yam is its absence in documents, save topographical lists, after the beginning of the Middle Kingdom...There are a variety of speculative and hypothetical scenarios one can put forth to suggest its elimination from the textual record. The equation of Irm and ImA suggested by Priese is one possible scenario; therefore Yam no longer existed under the same name. Another possibility is that the toponym ceased to be relevant to the Egyptians... A more compelling scenario is that the desiccation of water sources had rendered access to Yam impossible, or possibly the changing ecology threatened Yam itself. Furthermore, the absence of Yam in texts in the Twelfth Dynasty and later would concord well with the abandonment of the Abu Ballas trail in the Middle Kingdom,which perhaps was also rendered impassable from the changing ecology...This argument of course does not aim to suggest, with any certainty or precision, a location for Yam within a finite area. Rather it argues that a Western Desert location of Yam, near the Gebel Uweinat, or Ennedi, concords well with much of the textual and archaeological evidence.Broadly, the evidence suggests that Yam could be approached by going west and south from Egypt, via the oases and Abu Bal-las trail, or south and then west via the Nubian Nile and North West Sudan.The evidence is certainly too ambiguous to support a Nubian location and to construct arguments based on this location would be hazardous and premature. Such previous attempts at localising Yam reflect a broader tendency to place many unknown “southern” toponyms on the Nubian Nile, with little or no evidence specifically favoring such locations. Like the Nubian Nile, the Western Desert was also part of a complex trade net-work in the Third Millennium B.C.This western theatre may have been the origin of many of Egypt’s exotic imports, which hitherto were only expected from the Levant, Nubia, and Punt.[/QUOTE]-- Julien Cooper, 'Reconsidering the Location of Yam', Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 2012 [IMG]https://image.jimcdn.com/app/cms/image/transf/dimension=4000x3000:format=jpg/path/s91aa07fbabb796a3/image/id8e760dfeefa0ae1/version/1585816942/image.jpg[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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