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1- Basic database of Nile Valley studies
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by zarahan- aka Enrique Cardova: [QB] Keita has had some issues with Irish before: [i]Recently Irish and Turner (1990) and Turner and Markowitz (1990) have suggested that the populations of Nubia and Egypt of the agricultural periods were not primarily descendants of the geographical populations of mesolithic/epipaleolithic times. Based on dental morphology, they postulate an almost total replacement of the native/African epipaleolithic and neolithic groups by populations or peoples from further north (Europe or the Near East?). A similarity in dental traits is noted between epipaleolithic Nile valley peoples and modern West Africans and also found for craniometrie traits (Strouhal 1984). They argue that the rate of evolutionary change required to achieve the later dentitions would be greater than that for epipaleolithic to ne- olithic dental changes in other parts of the world, and see no reason why this should be true in the lower Nile valley. They take issue with the well-known post-Pleistocene/hunting dental reduction and simplification hypotheses which postulate in situ microevolution driven by dietary change, with minimal gene flow (admixture) (see Carlson and Van Gerven 1979). However, as is well known and accepted, rapid evolution can occur. Also, rapid change in northeast Africa might be specifically anticipated because of the possibilities for punctuated microevolution (secondary to severe micro- selection and drift) in the early Holocene Sahara, because of the isolated com- munities and cyclical climatic changes there, and their possible subsequent human effects. The earliest southern predynastic culture, Badari, owes key elements to post-desiccation Saharan and also perhaps "Nubian" immigration (Hassan 1988). Biologically these people were essentially the same (see above and discussion; Keita 1990). It is also possible that the dental traits could have been introduced from an external source, and increased in frequency primarily because of natural selection, either for the trait or for a growth pattern requir- ing less energy. There is no evidence for sudden or gradual mass migration of Europeans or Near Easterners into the valley, as the term "replacement" would imply. There is limb ratio and craniofacial morphological and metric continu- ity in Upper Egypt-Nubia in a broad sense from the late paleolithic through dynastic periods, although change occurred.[/i] - Keita 1993 [/QB][/QUOTE]
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