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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] Description English: Slab stela of Old Kingdom Egyptian Princess Nefertiabet (dated 2590 - 2565 BC) from her tomb at Giza, painting on limestone, now in Louvre, France. Nefertiabet was a daughter of Kheops and sister of *Djedefra and **Khafra. * [IMG]http://www.nemo.nu/ibisportal/0egyptintro/3egypt/3sidor/3bilder/3djedefre.jpg[/IMG] ** [IMG]http://www.specialtyinterests.net/khafre_4thdyn_small.jpg[/IMG] [QUOTE]Originally posted by cassiterides: [qb] ^ Dark brown skin isn't sallow-white. [IMG]http://images.imagestate.com/Watermark/2356838.jpg[/IMG] Close up: [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Nefertiabet.jpg[/IMG] Basically you loose. The 'lightest' Africans you could post (most of whom are not even negroid by the way) still have dark brown skin. There is no such thing as a black women with skin as light as Nefertiabet's. It is a sallow-white or golden-white colour: [IMG]http://thestarceleb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/nice-skin.jpg[/IMG] [/qb][/QUOTE]As I was saying, you are retarded. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. [b]Stature estimation;anatomical method;regression formulae; Egyptians[/b] Abstract Trotter and Gleser's (Trotter and Gleser: Am J Phys Anthropol 10 (1952) 469–514; Trotter and Gleser: Am J Phys Anthropol 16 (1958) 79–123) long bone formulae for US Blacks or derivations thereof (Robins and Shute: Hum Evol 1 (1986) 313–324) have been previously used to estimate the stature of ancient Egyptians. However, limb length to stature proportions differ between human populations; consequently, the most accurate mathematical stature estimates will be obtained when the population being examined is as similar as possible in proportions to the population used to create the equations. The purpose of this study was to create new stature regression formulae based on direct reconstructions of stature in ancient Egyptians and assess their accuracy in comparison to other stature estimation methods. We also compare Egyptian body proportions to those of modern American Blacks and Whites. Living stature estimates were derived using a revised Fully anatomical method (Raxter et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 130 (2006) 374–384). Long bone stature regression equations were then derived for each sex. Our results confirm that, although ancient Egyptians are closer in body proportion to modern American Blacks than they are to American Whites, proportions in Blacks and Egyptians are not identical. The newly generated Egyptian-based stature regression formulae have standard errors of estimate of 1.9–4.2 cm. All mean directional differences are less than 0.4% compared to anatomically estimated stature, while results using previous formulae are more variable, with mean directional biases varying between 0.2% and 1.1%, tibial and radial estimates being the most biased. There is no evidence for significant variation in proportions among temporal or social groupings; thus, the new formulae may be broadly applicable to ancient Egyptian remains. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.20790/abstract [b]An examination of Nubian and Egyptian biological distances: Support for biological diffusion or in situ development? [/b] K. Goddea, b, Corresponding Author Contact Information a Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee b Department of Science, South College Abstract Many authors have speculated on Nubian biological evolution. Because of the contact Nubians had with other peoples, migration and/or invasion (biological diffusion) were originally thought to be the biological mechanism for skeletal changes in Nubians. Later, a new hypothesis was put forth, the in situ hypothesis. The new hypothesis postulated that Nubians evolved in situ, without much genetic influence from foreign populations. This study examined 12 Egyptian and Nubian groups in an effort to explore the relationship between the two populations and to test the in situ hypothesis. Data from nine cranial nonmetric traits were assessed for an estimate of biological distance, using Mahalanobis D2 with a tetrachoric matrix. The distance scores were then input into principal coordinates analysis (PCO) to depict the relationships between the two populations. PCO detected 60% of the variation in the first two principal coordinates. A plot of the distance scores revealed only one cluster; the Nubian and Egyptian groups clustered together. The grouping of the Nubians and Egyptians indicates there may have been some sort of gene flow between these groups of Nubians and Egyptians. However, common adaptation to similar environments may also be responsible for this pattern. Although the predominant results in this study appear to support the biological diffusion hypothesis, the in situ hypothesis was not completely negated. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19766993 [b]Biotechnic & Histochemistry 2005, 80(1): 7_/13[/b] "Materials and methods In 1997, the German Institute for Archaeology headed an excavation of the tombs of the nobles in Thebes-West, Upper Egypt. At this time, three types of tissues were sampled from different mummies: meniscus (fibrocartilage), skin, and placenta. Archaeological findings suggest that the mummies dated from the New Kingdom (approximately 1550_/1080 BC)...... The basal epithelial cells were packed with melanin as expected for specimens of negroid origin." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15804821 [b]Wadi Kubbaniya (ca. 17,000–15,000 B.C.) [/b] In Egypt, the earliest evidence of humans can be recognized only from tools found scattered over an ancient surface, sometimes with hearths nearby. In Wadi Kubbaniya, a dried-up streambed cutting through the Western Desert to the floodplain northwest of Aswan in Upper Egypt, some interesting sites of the kind described above have been recorded. A cluster of Late Paleolithic camps was located in two different topographic zones: on the tops of dunes and the floor of the wadi (streambed) where it enters the valley. Although no signs of houses were found, diverse and sophisticated stone implements for hunting, fishing, and collecting and processing plants were discovered around hearths. Most tools were bladelets made from a local stone called chert that is widely used in tool fabrication. The bones of wild cattle, hartebeest, many types of fish and birds, as well as the occasional hippopotamus have been identified in the occupation layers. Charred remains of plants that the inhabitants consumed, especially tubers, have also been found. It appears from the zoological and botanical remains at the various sites in this wadi that the two environmental zones were exploited at different times. We know that the dune sites were occupied when the Nile River flooded the wadi because large numbers of fish and migratory bird bones were found at this location. When the water receded, people then moved down onto the silt left behind on the wadi floor and the floodplain, probably following large animals that looked for water there in the dry season. Paleolithic peoples lived at Wadi Kubbaniya for about 2,000 years, exploiting the different environments as the seasons changed. Other ancient camps have been discovered along the Nile from Sudan to the Mediterranean, yielding similar tools and food remains. These sites demonstrate that the early inhabitants of the Nile valley and its nearby deserts had learned how to exploit local environments, developing economic strategies that were maintained in later cultural traditions of pharaonic Egypt. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/wadi/hd_wadi.htm *Wadi Halfa is present North Sudan. *Wadi Kubbaniya is present Southern Egypt. NUBIA AND EGYPT- Nubians and Egyptians were so close in various eras that they were virtually indistinguishable Because they are in fact the same people. “The ancient Egyptians referred to a region, located south of the third cataract the Nile River, in which Nubians dwelt as Kush.. Within such context, this phrase is not a racial slur. Throughout the history of ancient Egypt there were numerous, well documented instances that celebrate Nubian-Egyptian marriages. A study of these documents, particularly those dated to both the Egyptian New Kingdom (after 1550 B.C.E.) and to Dynasty XXV and early Dynasty XXVI (about 720-640 BCE), reveals that neither spouse nor any of the children of such unions suffered discrimination at the hands of the ancient Egyptians. Indeed such marriages were never an obstacle to social, economic, or political status, provided the individuals concerned conformed to generally accepted Egyptian social standards. Furthermore, at times, certain Nubian practices, such as tattooing for women, and the unisex fashion of wearing earrings, were wholeheartedly embraced by the ancient Egyptians." (Bianchi, 2004: p. 4) 'It is an extremely difficult task to attempt to describe the Nubians during the course of Egypt's New Kingdom, because their presence appears to have virtually evaporated from the archaeological record.. The result has been described as a wholesale Nubian assimilation into Egyptian society. This assimilation was so complete that it masked all Nubian ethnic identities insofar as archaeological remains are concerned beneath the impenetrable veneer of Egypt's material; culture.. In the Kushite Period, when Nubians ruled as Pharaohs in their own right, the material culture of Dynasty XXV (about 750-655 B.C.E.) was decidedly Egyptian in character.. Nubia's entire landscape up to the region of the Third Cataract was dotted with temples indistinguishable in style and decoration from contemporary temples erected in Egypt. The same observation obtains for the smaller number of typically Egyptian tombs in which these elite Nubian princes were interred.(Bianchi, 2004, p. 99-100) Robert Bianchi ( 2004). Daily Life of the Nubians. Greenwood Publishing Group Egyptians are in their root Hg E* and yes there is admixture, from less to more extend since Egypt was often invaded. For example, "The Copt samples displayed a most interesting Y-profile, enough (as much as that of Gaalien in Sudan) to suggest that they actually represent a living record of the peopling of Egypt. The significant frequency of B-M60 in this group might be a relic of a history of colonization of southern Egypt probably by Nilotics in the early state formation, something that conforms both to recorded history and to Egyptian mythology."--Hassan et al., (2008) [IMG]http://africanamericanculturalcenterpalmcoast.org/historyafrican/guineamix.jpg[/IMG] "We also compare Egyptian body proportions to those of modern American Blacks and Whites... Long bone stature regression equations were then derived for each sex. Our results confirm that, although ancient Egyptians are closer in body proportion to modern American Blacks than they are to American Whites, proportions in Blacks and Egyptians are not identical... Intralimb indices are not significantly different between Egyptians and American Blacks...brachial indices are definitely more ‘African’... There is no evidence for significant variation in proportions among temporal or social groupings; thus, the new formula may be broadly applicable to ancient Egyptian remains." (" [b]Stature estimation in ancient Egyptians: A new technique based on anatomical reconstruction of stature[/b] ." Michelle H. Raxter, Christopher B. Ruff, Ayman Azab, Moushira Erfan, Muhammad Soliman, Aly El-Sawaf,(Am J Phys Anthropol. 2008, Jun;136(2):147-5 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.20790/abstract I do understand your obsession with ancient Egypt. But it's not your history or even culture, your history and culture is at Europe, at the caves and forest of Europe. By any chance pick one of these, and focus on that. Celts Gauls Goths Vandals(Asding, Siling Vandals, Alans, Suevi) Visigoths Franks Teutonic(Deutsch) Anglo-Saxon Lombards Osrogoths Burgundians You and your delusional white worldview.lol [/QB][/QUOTE]
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