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Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations Brenna M. Henn
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] here's xyyman's article that he's trouble understanding: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup H structure in North Africa http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2156/10/8 Subhaplogroups H1 and H3 are the dominant subgroups in the Iberian Peninsula (45% and 16%, respectively) and North Africa (42% and 13%, respectively) whereas unclassified H haplotypes (H*) account for 40–50% of the H diversity in the Arabian Peninsula and the Near East. Furthermore, while H1 (12%) is still the most frequent subgroup, followed by the H5 (8%) in the Near East, the modal subclades in the Arabian Peninsula are H2a1a (18%) and H6b (14%). The relative proximity of the Iberian Peninsula to the westernmost North African populations is graphically reflected in Figure 1a. It is evident that Tunisians and Berbers are closest to the Near East and the Arabian Peninsula. A principal component analysis (PCA) points to subhaplogroups H1 and H3 as being primarily responsible for the Iberian-Moroccan-Saharan connection, whereas H4, H5, H7, H8 and H11 testify the Near East influence (data not shown). Similarly, haplotypic based FST distances show a strong influence of the Iberian Peninsula on the Western Moroccan and Saharan North African populations, and indicate that Tunisians are comparatively the most remarkably influenced by the Near East (Table 2 and Figure 1b). The relative proximity of the Iberian Peninsula to the westernmost North African populations is graphically reflected in Figure 1a. It is evident that Tunisians and Berbers are closest to the Near East and the Arabian Peninsula. A principal component analysis (PCA) points to subhaplogroups H1 and H3 as being primarily responsible for the Iberian-Moroccan-Saharan connection, whereas H4, H5, H7, H8 and H11 testify the Near East influence (data not shown). Similarly, haplotypic based FST distances show a strong influence of the Iberian Peninsula on the Western Moroccan and Saharan North African populations, and indicate that Tunisians are comparatively the most remarkably influenced by the Near East (Table 2 and Figure 1b). Globally, North Africa shares a similar number of haplotypes with the Iberian Peninsula compared with the Near East (Table 3). However, a detailed analysis of the ratios between haplotypic identities relating each North African population with the Iberian Peninsula or the Near East confirms that the Western populations, comprising Moroccan Arabs, Saharans and Mauritanians, are the most notably influenced by the Iberian Peninsula, whereas the Tunisian Berbers, Tunisians, and the Moroccan Berbers have received relatively more gene flow from the Near East (Table 3). At this point, it is noteworthy that all the Arabian Peninsula haplotypes shared with North Africa are a subset of those shared by the latter with the Near East, pointing to a minor direct input of the Arabian Peninsula on the North African populations. Haplogroup (Table 1) and haplotype (Table 3) genetic diversities demonstrate that the Northwestern African populations (Moroccan Arabs and Saharans) are genetically less diverse than the more central Tunisian and Berbers, a fact that could be explained by a stronger Near East influence on the later populations. Although global haplogroup and haplotypic diversities are not statistically different among regions (Table 1 and 3), the European subgroup H1 appears to be significantly more diverse in the Near East (87 ± 5) than in the Iberian Peninsula (75 ± 3) or North Africa (67 ± 6). Moreover, the genetic diversity for the Western European subgroup H3, which is absent in the Near East, is also higher in North Africa (74 ± 9) than in the Iberian Peninsula (65 ± 6). Transformation of molecular genetic diversities in coalescence ages gives 18,345 ± 4,051, 14,201 ± 2,984, and 11,366 ± 2,354 years for H1 in the Near East, Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, respectively. On the other hand, the coalescence ages for H3 in the Iberian Peninsula (10,342 ± 2,634) and North Africa (10,866 ± 4,107) are similar. However, only H1 ages in Near East and North Africa are statistically different from each other. ______________________________ ^^math the more one reads your materials the more wrong you look [b]As described previously, total frequencies for the haplogroup H decline toward both the East and the South (Table 1). The haplogroup H represents 44% of the mtDNA variation in the Iberian Peninsula, but only 22% in the Near East. Likewise, this distribution still reaches 25% in North Africa, but drops to only 9% in the Arabian Peninsula.... Furthermore, while H1 (12%) is still the most frequent subgroup, followed by the H5 (8%) in the Near East, the modal subclades in the Arabian Peninsula are H2a1a (18%) and H6b (14%). P [/b] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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