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Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations Brenna M. Henn
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Amun-Ra The Ultimate: [QB] Here's an abstract to a genetic study xyyman may like ;) : [QUOTE] [b]Ancient local evolution of African mtDNA haplogroups in Tunisian Berber populations.[/b] Frigi S, Cherni L, Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Benammar-Elgaaied A. Source Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia. Abstract Our objective is to highlight the age of sub-Saharan gene flows in North Africa and particularly in Tunisia. Therefore we analyzed in a broad phylogeographic context sub-Saharan mtDNA haplogroups of Tunisian Berber populations considered representative of ancient settlement. More than 2,000 sequences were collected from the literature, and networks were constructed. The results show that the most ancient haplogroup is L3*, which would have been introduced to North Africa from eastern sub-Saharan populations around 20,000 years ago. Our results also point to a less ancient western sub-Saharan gene flow to Tunisia, including haplogroups L2a and L3b. [b]This conclusion points to an ancient African gene flow to Tunisia before 20,000 BP.[/b] These findings parallel the more recent findings of both archaeology and linguistics on the prehistory of Africa. The present work suggests that sub-Saharan contributions to North Africa have experienced several complex population processes after the occupation of the region by anatomically modern humans. [b]Our results reveal that Berber speakers have a foundational biogeographic root in Africa and that deep African lineages have continued to evolve in supra-Saharan Africa. [/b] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21082907 [/QUOTE]Do I have to summarize? This conclusion points to an ancient African genes flow to Tunisia (a very coastal North African country) before 20,000 BP. That ancient African genes flow to Tunisia was later diluted by many invasions, conquests, and migrations by Phoenicians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, Bedouins, Spanish, modern Africans, Turks, French, etc. Notice how they used samples from Berber in Tunisia, Egypt and East African people to draw their conclusion. All samples simply ignored by Henn. You can't do that when you do a population structure study. As I said in the other thread: That's the reason it's very important to take samples from African (and Berber) people in North Africa in any genetic studies when we want to know about ancient populations. That is it's very important to take samples from every ethnic groups in a region. Even if they now form a minority (or not) due to foreign invasions, migration and admixture. If that Frigi study (the abstract posted above) didn't took samples from those Berber groups in Tunisia, like the Henn did, we wouldn't know that new corroborating information about the African presence in North Africa dating back to 20,000 BP and it's linkage to the eastern Sahara/Sudanic/East Africa region (aka the Saharan-Sahel-Nile Belt). If we ignore ancient ethnic minority (or not) as done by the Henn study, Native Americans would be left out of history!!! Same as some people (*cough* Henn *cough*) want to left out ancient black Africans from the North African history!! Here's again the very restricted samples set used by Henn: Table S1: Details of the dataset used in the present study. Population Sample Size Country Reference Morocco - North 18 Morocco Present study Morocco - South 16 Morocco Present study Saharawi 18 Western Sahara Present study Algerian 19 Algeria Present study Tunisian 18 Tunisia Present study Libyan 17 Libya Present study Egyptian 19 Egypt Present study Basques 20 Spain Present study Tuscans 26 Italy HapMap3 Qatari 30 Qatar Hunter-Zinck et al. 2010 Yoruba 26 Nigeria HapMap3 Hausa 12 Nigeria Bryc et al. 2010 Bulala 15 Nigeria Bryc et al. 2010 Fulani 12 Nigeria Bryc et al. 2010 Luhya 25 Kenya HapMap3 Maasai 30 Kenya HapMap3 Completely absurd for a population structure study. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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