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Genomic Ancestry of North Africans Supports Back-to-Africa Migrations Brenna M. Henn
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [QB] For the dumbass above. You've just debunked yourself! And in fact Dana and I are saying the same. You aren't smart enough to realize this, that paper has been covered a long time ago, look who else fits the picture of U5. :o Technically proto Berber should follow the same trails as the Saami language, if that hypothetical story was suppose to be true. However, proto Berbers clusters with Libyco-Chadic. Also, the limb ratio and body portions auld be similar. However, the fossils do not, in fact the fossils from the time stamp show affinities with other African remains, which happen to be Tropical Adapted, while Nordic folks live and have lived in a Arctic area for a mega long time. Btw, paper trail shows ancestry not of admixture. [QUOTE] It is interesting that these “non-African”mtDNA lineages are usually predominant while being diverse [/QUOTE]--(Coudray et al. 2009; Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. 2004; Khodjet-el-Khil et al. 2008). [QUOTE] " During historic times, Berbers experienced a long and complicated history with many invasions, conquests, and migrations by Phoenicians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, Bedouins, Spanish, Turks, Andalusians, sub-Saharans (communities settled in Jerba and Gabes in the 16th–19th centuries), and French (Brett and Fentress 1996). [b]During these invasions, Berbers were forced back to the mountains and to certain villages in southern Tunisia[/b][/QUOTE]--(Fadhlaoui-Zid et al. 2004)." [QUOTE] [b]U6 and M1 frequencies in North Africa, the Middle East and Europe do not follow similar patterns, and their sub-clade divisions do not appear to be compatible with their shared history reaching back to the Early Upper Palaeolithic.[/b] [...] For example, U6a1 and M1b, with their coalescent ages of ~20,000–22,000 years ago and earliest inferred expansion in northwest Africa, could coincide with the flourishing of the Iberomaurusian industry, whilst U6b and M1b1 appeared at the time of the Capsian culture. [/QUOTE]----Toomas Kivisild (2012) Divorcing the Late Upper Palaeolithic demographic histories of mtDNA haplogroups M1 and U6 in Africa [QUOTE] In fact, in terms of body shape, the European and the Inuit samples tend to be cold-adapted and tend to be separated in multivariate space from the more tropically adapted Africans, especially those groups from south of the Sahara. [/QUOTE]--Holliday TW, Hilton CE. Body proportions of circumpolar peoples as evidenced from skeletal data: Ipiutak and Tigara (Point Hope) versus Kodiak Island Inuit. [QUOTE] Body proportions covary with climate, apparently as the result of climatic selection. Ontogenic research and migrant studies have demonstrated that body proportions are largely genetically controlled and are under low selective rates; thus studies of body form can provide evidence for evolutionarily short-term dispersals and/or gene flow. Following these observations, competing models of modern human origins yield different predictions concerning body proportion shifts in Late Pleistocene Europe. [b]Replacement predicts that the earliest modern Europeans will possess "tropical" body proportions (assuming Africa is the center of origin), while Regional Continuity permits only minor shifts in body shape, due to climatic change and/or improved cultural buffering. This study tests these predictions via analyses of osteometric data reflective of trunk height and breadth, limb proportions and relative body mass for samples of Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP), Late Upper Paleolithic (LUP) and Mesolithic (MES) humans and 13 recent African and European populations. [/b]Results reveal a clear tendency for the EUP sample to cluster with recent Africans, while LUP and MES samples cluster with recent Europeans. These results refute the hypothesis of local continuity in Europe, and are consistent with an interpretation of elevated gene flow (and population dispersal?) from Africa, followed by subsequent climatic adaptation to colder conditions. These data do not, however, preclude the possibility of some (albeit small) contribution of genes from Neandertals to succeeding populations, as is postulated in Bräuer's "Afro-European Sapiens" model. [/QUOTE]--Holliday TW. J Hum Evol. 1997 May;32(5):423-48. Body proportions in Late Pleistocene Europe and modern human origins. [QUOTE]What we can say, however, is that in the Holocene, humans from southwest Asia do not exhibit tropically adapted body shape (Crognier 1981; Eveleth and Tanner 1976; Schreider 1975).... " [/QUOTE]---Trenton Holliday (2000) Evolution at the Crossroads: Modern Human Emergence in Western Asia. American Anthropologist. New Series, Vol. 102, No. 1, 54-68 From where did the Vandals come originally. Lets follow the pad of the Vandals, shall we...: [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vandals_Migration_it.PNG/595px-Vandals_Migration_it.PNG[/IMG] Such irony. :D More... [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Europa_Germanen_50_n_Chr.svg/640px-Europa_Germanen_50_n_Chr.svg.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alan_kingdom_hispania.png/640px-Alan_kingdom_hispania.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Europa_in_526.png/600px-Europa_in_526.png[/IMG] [IMG]http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png/640px-Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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