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MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PREHISTORIC NORTH AFRICAN POPULATIONS
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Troll Patrol: [qb] African Archaeological Review John E. Yellen National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230 Abstract [i] Examination of African barbed bone points recovered from Holocene sites provides a context to interpret three Late Pleistocene occurrences from Katanda and Ishango, Zaire, and White Paintings Shelter, Botswana.[b] In sites dated to ca. 10,000 BP and younger, such artifacts are found widely distributed across the Sahara Desert, the Sahel, the Nile, and the East African Lakes. [/b]They are present in both ceramic and aceramic contexts, sometimes associated with domesticates. The almost-universal presence of fish remains indicates a subsistence adaptation which incorporates a riverine/lacustrine component. Typologically these points exhibit sufficient similarity in form and method of manufacture to be subsumed within a single African “tradition.”They are absent at Fayum, where a distinct Natufian form occurs. [b]Specimens dating to ca. 20,000 BP at Ishango, possibly a similar age at White Paintings Shelter, and up to 90,000 BP at Katanda clearly fall within this same African tradition and thus indicate a very long-term continuity which crosses traditionally conceived sub-Saharan cultural boundaries.[/b][/i] And more recent sources: Volume 300, 25 June 2013, Pages 153–170 The Middle Palaeolithic in the Desert The Middle Stone Age of the Central Sahara: Biogeographical opportunities and technological strategies in later human evolution [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618212033848-gr1.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618212033848-gr2.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618212033848-gr3.jpg[/IMG] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618212033848 Successes and failures of human dispersals from North Africa (2011) [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618211003612-gr1.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618211003612-gr2.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]http://origin-ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040618211003612-gr3.jpg[/IMG] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618211003612 [/qb][/QUOTE]In other words, stone tool technology arose first in Africa among modern hominids and spread outward, along with writing, language, culture, art and everything else. All of which goes totally against the nonsense of the white supremacists. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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