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Berbers are primarily not African ?
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Tukuler: [QB] The thing for Imazighen avoiding Yemeni Arabs to do was to retreat from their advance. So they moved ever southward but the banu Hassan caught up to them and beat them in war. They then established themselves as the ruling class. Naturally, to escape oppression, any Amazigh who could did in fact claim Yemeni ancestry. Only a few Imazighen proudly retained their Zenaga identity. Today they number less than 1000. That Zenaga Imazighen of Mauritania and the Western Sahara are Yemeni Arabs is a self-serving social myth for the most part. [QUOTE]From http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8478.html Beginning with the [b]Arab[/b] conquest of the western Maghrib in the 8th century, [URL=http://underscore][b]Mauritania[/b] experienced a slow but constant infiltration of Arabs and Arab influence from the north[/URL]. The growing Arab presence pressed the Berbers, who chose not to mix with other groups, to move farther south into Mauritania, forcing out the Black inhabitants. By the 16th century, most Blacks had been pushed to the Senegal River. Those remaining in the north became slaves cultivating the oases. After the decline of the [b]Almoravid[/b] Empire, a long process of arabization began in Mauritania, one that until then had been resisted successfully by the Berbers. [URL=http://underscore]Several groups of [b]Yemeni Arabs[/b] who had been devastating the north of Africa turned south to Mauritania[/URL]. Settling in northern Mauritania, they disrupted the caravan trade, causing routes to shift east, which in turn led to the gradual decline of Mauritania's trading towns. One particular Yemeni group, the [b]Bani Hassan[/b], continued to migrate southward until, by the end of the 17th century, they dominated the entire country. The last effort of the Berbers to shake off the Arab yoke was the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War (1644-74), or Sharr Bubba, led by Nasir ad Din, a [b]Lemtuna[/b] imam (see Glossary). This Sanhadja war of liberation was, however, unsuccessful; the [URL=http://underscore]Berbers were forced to abandon the sword and became vassals to the warrior Arab groups[/URL]. Thus, the contemporary social structure of Mauritania can be dated from 1674. The [i]warrior[/i] groups or Arabs dominated the Berber groups, who turned to [i]cleric[/i]alism to regain a degree of ascendancy. At the bottom of the social structure were the [i]slaves[/i], subservient to both warriors and Islamic holy men. [URL=http://underscore]All of these groups, whose language was [i]Hassaniya Arabic[/i], became known as [b]Maures[/b][/URL]. The bitter rivalries and resentments characteristic of their social structure were later fully exploited by the French. [/QUOTE] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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