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DNA studies if black amazigh im Morocco
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Doug M: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [qb] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Djehuti: [qb]I too believe the Afalou and Marusian fossil samples contain specimens of European extraction. Hence, why some of the skeletal bodies show cold adaptation. The same can be said about some of the Natufian samples which show the same thing, however one cannot deny the unmistakable African traits also found in samples of both groups. [/qb][/QUOTE]Dj, what is your opinion on these sources? [QUOTE] [b]"we suggest that there may have been a relationship, albeit a complex one, between climatic events and cave activity on the part of Iberomaurusian populations.[/b] [...] A rare exception is the work by Abbé Roche at Contrebandiers Cave (Témara) and at Grotte des Pigeons (Taforalt) where a series of conventional 14C dates was obtained for Iberomaurusian layers (Roche 1976). Until now, his dates of 21,900±400 bp (Gif-2587) and 21,100±400 bp (Gif-2586) for Taforalt have stood as the oldest for Morocco and are broadly comparable to the lowermost Iberomaurusian layer at Tamar Hat, Algeria which produced an age of 20,600±500 bp (MC-822; Saxon et al. 1974). [...] In concluding this brief review it can be inferred on present evidence that microlithic bladelet industries of Iberomaurusian type made a fairly sudden appearance in this part of Africa soon after the LGM and not quite as early as previously asserted by Roche. [b]However, it remains to be seen whether the technology originated in the Maghreb or outside this region, and whether its abrupt appearance can be linked to wider patterns of demic diffusion across areas north of the Sahara and/or in response to rapid climatic change (in this case to a rise in humidity following the LGM). We believe that in order to investigate this question more fully similar studies to the one outlined here will need to be conducted in adjacent areas of the Maghreb and in the Saharan south of Morocco."[/b] [/QUOTE]--A. Bouzouggar, et al. Reevaluating the Age of the Iberomaurusian in Morocco June 2008, Volume 25, Issue 1, pp 3–19 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-008-9023-3 [QUOTE] The research agenda on North African prehistory is dominated by three major debates: (1) the timing and dispersal routes of modern humans into the region, and whether particular types of lithic assemblage are reliable indicators of their presence (Cremaschi et al., 1998, Mercier et al., 2007, Smith et al., 2007, Garcea, 2010a, Garcea, 2011, Pereira et al., 2010, Wengler, 2010, Hublin and McPherron, 2011 and Dibble et al., 2012); (2) [b]how successfully, once established, modern human populations were able to adapt to the major climatic and environmental changes of the Late Pleistocene[/b] (Barton et al., 2005, Barton et al., 2007, Bouzouggar et al., 2008 and Garcea, 2010b); and (3) the timing and routes of dispersal of plant and animal domesticates in the Early Holocene and the contexts of their use (i.e., by the existing populations of hunter–gatherers and/or by immigrant agricultural populations) (Barker, 2006, Linstädter, 2008 and Dunne et al., 2012). The deep (∼14 m) sequence excavated by Charles McBurney in the 1950s in the Haua Fteah cave in Cyrenaica, northeast Libya (22°3′5″E/32°53′70″N; Fig. 1) has long been central to all three debates because it spanned the Middle and Late Stone Ages (or Middle and Upper Palaeolithic in European terminology), and the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In fact, the sequence remains unique for the whole of North Africa east of the Maghreb (McBurney, 1967). However, though in many respects the excavations and subsequent analyses of material were pioneering for their time, techniques in cave excavation, deep-time radiometric dating and archaeological science more generally have all been transformed in the ensuing sixty years; the context for the renewal of fieldwork at the site in 2007 (Barker et al., 2007, Barker et al., 2008, Barker et al., 2009, Barker et al., 2010 and Barker et al., 2012). Here we report the initial results of a comprehensive dating program of the geological and cultural sequences that has been one of the primary objectives of the new project. [/QUOTE]--Katerina Douka et al. The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya) Journal of Human Evolution January 2014, Vol.66:39–63, doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.10.001 [QUOTE] "El Harhoura 2 and El Mnasra caves are located in the region of Témara, on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, which was occupied by human populations since the beginning of the Late Pleistocene (around 120 ka BP) until the Middle Holocene (around 6 ka BP). Recent excavations yielded human and faunal remains, as well as exceptional archaeological objects (Middle, Upper Palaeolithic and Neolithic industries; ceramics; ornaments in Nassarius sp. shells; bone tools; pigments) associated with anthropic structures. [b]The continuous sedimentary sequence of these sites covers the last climatic cycle (from the Eemian interglacial to the present one), and is studied in a renewed context from several points of view: geology, stratigraphy, chronology, cultures, anthropology, palaeontology, taphonomy, and zooarchaeology.[/b] Today, there is no equivalent of such regional data for the whole Late Pleistocene in North Africa. The study of small and large faunal remains, associated with chronological data, allowed us to obtain significant data on palaeoenvironments and human/carnivore occupations of the Témara caves. [b]These data are included in a broader view of human occupations and their environmental context throughout North Africa during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene."[/b] [/QUOTE]--Emmanuelle Stoetzel et al. Context of modern human occupations in North Africa: Contribution of the Témara caves data Quaternary International 23 January 2014, Vol.320:143–161, doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2013.05.017 Northwest African prehistory: Recent work, new results and interpretations [/qb][/QUOTE]As I've always said, there is NOTHING to indicate that the Oranian/Iberomarusian culture originated from anywhere else but Africa, I merely think that there was some Eurasian genetic influnce via Iberia the same way African genetic influence from the Maghreb entered Iberia. [/qb][/QUOTE]Absolutely. The oldest stone tool industries in the world are in Africa, yet to hear Europeans tell it, the 'stone age' is a European phenomenon (aka The Flintstones, or the cavemen). This is why scientists had to rename the chronology of the stone age to reflect the fact that African stone industries were older than and precursors of the industries in Europe. [QUOTE] The Later Stone Age (or LSA) is a period in African prehistory that follows the Early Stone Age and Middle Stone Age. All three periods are often confused with the Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, and Upper Paleolithic. In the 1920s, it became clear to archaeologists that the existing chronological system of Upper, Middle, and Lower Paleolithic was not a suitable correlate to the prehistoric past in Africa. The terms Early, Middle, and Later Stone Age were developed to address this issue. Some scholars, however, still view these two chronologies as parallel, arguing that they both represent the development of behavioral modernity.[1] The Later Stone Age is associated with the advent of modern human behavior in Africa, although definitions of this concept and means of studying it are up for debate. The transition from the Middle Stone Age to the Later Stone Age is thought to have occurred first in eastern Africa between 50,000 and 39,000 years ago. It is also thought that Later Stone Age peoples and/or their technologies spread out of Africa over the next several thousand years. [/QUOTE] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_Stone_Age [/QB][/QUOTE]
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