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DNA studies if black amazigh im Morocco
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Nodnarb: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by xyyman: [qb] Mixed origin of the current Tunisian population from the analysis of Alu and Alu/STR compound systems - Wifak El Monce 2013 QUOTES: These haplotypes are also present in our two Tunisian samples with a remarkable quantitative difference: the total number of different [b]sub-Saharan African haplotypes in the north-center sample was four times higher (7%) than that of the south (1.7%). [/b]This difference was statistically significant (Fisher’s exact probability¼0.002). Moreover, two Mediterranean-specific combinations, particularly in the The [b]only consistent results[/b] were those based on Alu/STR haplotypes taking as [b]parental populations a sub-Saharan African sample on one hand[/b], and a sample from continental south Europeans (described in the Materials and methods section) on the other. [b]For both Tunisian samples, the overall sub-Saharan African contribution reached a similar value[/b]: 0.398 ( 95% CI 0.228; +95% CI 0.617) for northcenter Thus, the presence of Berber and sub-Saharan African-specific combinations in remarkably higher frequencies (10.5%) in north-center Tunisia, as compared with the southern sample (3.1%), suggests a[b] certain degree of genetic heterogeneity[/b] also for the Alu/STR data [b]Sub-Saharan African contribution in our samples reached 39%.[/b] This value is comparable to, and even slightly higher than, other gene flow estimations previously described11 in several North African populations ranging from 16.8% in Moroccan northeast Atlas Berbers to [b]37.7% in Mozabite Berbers[/b] from Algeria. The presence of noticeable sub-Saharan African traces in present-day Tunisians is in agreement with mtDNA data23 reporting a [b]higher number of sub-Saharan L lineages in Tunisia (48%) [/b]as compared with Morocco (25%). The qualitative information provided by some particular Alu/STR combinations of the CD4 locus, such as 100(+), 85( ) and 115( ), [b]could be another indication of sub-Saharan gene flow[/b]. In this case, north-center Tunisia attained a value (7%) considerably higher than that observed in the south of the country (1.7%). These frequencies range from 2.9% in northeast Atlas to 12.3% in Middle Atlas Moroccan Berbers, [b]but they have also been found in Algerian Mozabites (5.8%)[/b]. The observed fluctuations of sub-Saharan gene flow in North Africa could be related to particular demographic events that may have enhanced the effect of genetic drift on a single locus. [b]Whatever the case, the existence of trans-Saharan African gene flow through the Maghreb is obvious[/b], and has been reported by other genetic studies,12,23,24 as well as in archeological and historical records.1 Notwithstanding, it is important to ask[b] whether this sub-Saharan gene flow is relatively recent or more ancient[/b]. Our results are[b] compatible with the latter alternative[/b]. In fact, as mentioned above, we have found that the presence of three sub-Saharan Africa-specific CD4 Alu/STR combinations is considerably higher in the north-center Tunisian sample than in the one from the south. If the corresponding gene flow occurred in relatively recent times, we should find the opposite trend, because the south of Tunisia would naturally be the first to receive population movements from sub-Saharan countries. Moreover, about 5000 YBP, the immense Sahara desert already had the current severe climate that represents a considerable barrier to human migration, but it was more accessible to human migration25 before, due to a better climatic conditions. All these data considered together [b]suggest that the sub-Saharan component found in Tunisia is *****rather ancient**** and could be traced back to the first stage of Neolithic Age (around 9000 YBP), characterized by an ethnic contribution from present-day Sudan.[/b] ------- More Truth white people are scared to confront.... [/qb][/QUOTE]This I don't deny. I do believe, based on this and other data, that waves of [i]biologically[/i] (aka "black") African people would have colonized the northern Maghreb during the Green Sahara phase. I simply disagree with you that haplogroups H and U are necessarily indigenous African markers, which I think is what you're saying. [/QB][/QUOTE]
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