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Ancient Egyptian DNA from 1300BC to 426 AD
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] ^Since we know and understand this, the path to the origin of Afrasan has be come much easier. [QUOTE] The proto-Afro-Asiatic group carrying the E-P2 mutation may have appeared at this point in time and subsequently gave rise to the different major population groups including current speakers of the Afro-Asiatic languages and pastoralist populations. [i]Intuitively, the high correlation between geographical distribution of some of the major E haplogroups and distribution of Afro-Asiatic languages, exemplary of established correlation between languages and genes as proposed by Cavalli-Sforza7, 8 prompted us to revisit such correlation in a multidisciplinary platform better suited to unravel hitherto untold chapters of human history. No better venue to put such approach into practice than the area of the Sahel and East Africa. The Sahel, which extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea coast of Sudan and Eritrea and the Ethiopian highlands including fringes of the Sahara, has witnessed human population demographic events that were pivotal in prehistoric and historic periods of human history. Early occupation by Homo sapiens of the Red Sea coast of Eritrea,9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and evidences of traces of earlier urban settlements in much of Eritrea14, 15, 16 are some of the archaeological and paleontological evidences that suggest a major contribution of this area to prehistory and migration including the exodus of anatomically modern humans to Eurasia.[/i] [IMG]http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v22/n12/images/ejhg201441f2.jpg[/IMG] [i]NJ tree based on FST values generated from Arlequin 3.11. Population names are as given in Supplementary Table S1. Population life style: circle agriculturalists; square pastoralists; triangle nomads; inverted triangle nomadic pastoralists; diamond agro-pastoralists. The populations are colored according to their language family: red Afro-asiatic; blue Nilo-Saharan; green Niger-Kordofanian; yellow Khoisan; black Italic and Basque.[/i] Phylogenetic analysis The network analysis on the chromosomes carrying E haplogroups was robust enough with a main cluster near the root represented by Kunama (KUN) encompassing most of Eritreans and Sudanese populations, including Nilo-Saharan and Afro-Asiatic speakers suggesting that linguistic divergence is either a subsequent event to population divergence, language replacement or that the two linguistic families may have shared a common origin. [/QUOTE] http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v22/n12/full/ejhg201441a.html [/QB][/QUOTE]
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