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Ancient Egyptian DNA from 1300BC to 426 AD
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Clyde Winters: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Cass/: [qb] African-Americans are on average 24% European- "Genome-wide ancestry estimates of African Americans show average proportions of 73.2% African, 24.0% European, and 0.8% Native American ancestry." http://genetics.med.harvard.edu/reichlab/Reich_Lab/Welcome_files/2014_AJHG_Bryc_US_Ancestry_Concatenated.pdf Doesn't really make much sense for African-Americans to hate Europeans, when they have on average almost 1/4 European ancestry (many individuals have much more). Also remember this mixture is recent, last 2-3 centuries. [/qb][/QUOTE]Afro-Americans do not hate Europeans. The 1/4 alleged European ancestry is related to AAs carrying R1. This finding probably does not entirely result from African females mating with European males, because R1 (V88 and M269) existed among African slaves sold in North American. As a, result V88 and M269 are signature West African haplogroups, that when found among AAs reflect an African, not European origin. The paper is also in error because it does not take into account European and African admixture which took place prior to 1492. The authors wrote: [QUOTE] Lastly, our recent dates for admixture suggest that introgression probably occurred in the Americas within the last 500 years. Hence, our estimates do not support that the African ancestry in European Americans stems from ancient population events that predate the migrations to the Americas.[b] (For example, gene flow from Africa coinciding with the Moor invasion of the Mediterranean might have introduced African ancestry into the ancestral population of some European Americans.) Though such ancient events would probably not lead to inferred African ancestry because our supervised learning algorithm would apply a European label to such segments,[/b] it is possible that European population substructure could lead to inferred segments of African ancestry in some European Americans that derive from older historical admixture events, which are not seen in modern Europeans. However, these events would lead to admixture or introgression of segments several hundred or thousand years old, and our admixture dates for both Native American ancestry and African ancestry point to gene flow within the last 20 generations and is not consistent with any known historical migrations within Europe during this time period. [/QUOTE]This statement makes it clear that any African admixture during the Moorish period would be considered European, instead of African. [b]This along with the fact that the protocols of Admixture and Structure Programs assume Africans only met after 1492 and any so-called Eurasian genes , like Y-Chromosome R1, found among Eurasian are solely of Eurasian origin, even,though Africans carry the same gene and were in America and Europe prior to 1492, makes these studies invalid. [/b] . [/QB][/QUOTE]
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