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Ancient Egyptian DNA from 1300BC to 426 AD
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by Ish Gebor: [QB] Some additional info for @Akachi and @beyoku. [QUOTE] Genetics and Bantu speakers The PN2/M2 biallelic lineage in part maps to the distribution of the family, as does haplotype IV of the TaqI49a,f RFLP system, which in Africa and adjacent regions apparently marks the same clade (see al-Zahery et al. 2003, Underhhill personal communication). The spread of this family is frequently identified with the distribution of these variants in nearly a causal fashion. In other words M2 is said to be a marker of the Bantu expansion, which some earlier writers even thought had gone into West Africa (see e.g. Guthrie 1962). However, haplotype IV/ M2 is found in very high frequencies in Africa west of the Cameroons from Nigeria to Atlantic, reaching a frequency of ~80% in a sample from Senegal. Just as interesting is its reported frequency in one study of Egypt (27%) and Nubia (39%) (Lucotte and Mercier 2003). There are no Bantu speakers in these regions and no evidence that they were ever there. Hence the “Bantu expansion”, a problematic concept especially as often conceived, in any case cannot be used to explain their presence. Furthermore, the Bantu expansion should not be conceived as having been a mass movement of a single people, analogous to an mfecane, or the migration of the Banu Hilal. Archaeology and historical linguistics help explore possible credible explanations. The M2/ haplotype IV marker is found at great frequencies in Niger-Congo speakers in general. It is likely that M2 existed in the early ancestral family—proto-Niger Congo—and got distributed into all of its branches as the family differentiated through space and time. This explanation does not work for Egypt and Nubia since languages spoken there belong to other families. However, archaeological data indicate a late pleistocene recolonization of the eastern Sahara after a probable population hiatus between 50,000 to 15,000 years ago (Wendorf and Schild 2001). The peoples involved can be expected to have been highly diverse. This marker may have entered the Nile Valley with mid-Holocene population Saharan migrations into the Nile Valley (Hassan 1988), which contributed to the peopling of the valley. [/QUOTE]—Keita (2015) http://www.cobbresearchlab.com/issue-1/2015/1/26/history-and-genetics-in-africa-a-need-for-better-cooperation-between-the-teams [/QB][/QUOTE]
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