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Modern Egyptians are 68% North African , 17% Arab - Nat Geo
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[QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [QB] [QUOTE]Originally posted by the lioness,: [qb] http://www.cairoscene.com/Buzz/National-Geographic-s-DNA-Analysis-Proves-Egyptians-Are-Only-17-Arab [IMG]http://www.cairoscene.com/////Content/Admin/Uploads/Articles/ArticleImages/86484915-f20d-4a6e-998c-1c5df841684d.jpg[/IMG] NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC'S DNA ANALYSIS CONCLUDES THAT EGYPTIANS ARE ONLY 17% ARAB National Geographic answers the age-old question of whether Egyptians are genetically Arab or North African? Can you guess how much of Egyptians genetic makeup is North African? The results will surprise you. [IMG]http://www.cairoscene.com//Content/Admin/Uploads/Articles/ArticlesMainPhoto/901149/20d79cc6-c0e3-4ac2-9f42-c6157c802b5a.jpg[/IMG] There are some Egyptians who believe they are Arab and others who believe Egyptians are North African, but according to National Geographic's research, Egyptians cultural DNA origins are more complicated and varied than we think. National Geographic's Genographic Project created a graph showing the global genetic makeup of nationals in each of their respective countries. The calculations were made based on the analysis of hundreds of DNA samples since the project launched in 2005, and have made some conclusions that will come as a complete shocker for many Egyptians. According to the project's calculations, the majority of Egyptian DNA is comprised of 68% North African genes. However, Egyptians DNA makeup also shows that 3% originates from Southern Europe, 3% from Asia Minor, 3% from Eastern Africa, and 4% from the Jewish Diaspora. What is most staggering about the report is that nationals of the "Arab Republic of Egypt" are only 17% Arab. Compared to the other three Arab countries on the list, Egypt comes in the third place, behind Kuwait whose nationals are 84% Arab, and the Lebanese who are 44% Arab. Egyptians are more Arab than Tunisians, who are only 4% Arab. One of the most baffling results is that Iran, which doesn't even consider themselves an Arab country, have 56% Arab DNA in their genetic makeup. [/qb][/QUOTE]source: http://imgbox.com/L5IVhz1j [IMG]https://i.imgbox.com/L5IVhz1j.png[/IMG] wikipedia [QUOTE] DNA studies on modern Egyptians DNA studies on modern Egyptians[edit] Genetic analysis of modern Egyptians reveals that they have paternal lineages common to indigenous other Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in Northeast and Northwest Africa (Maghreb and Horn of Africa), and to Middle Eastern peoples to a lesser extent—these lineages would have spread during the Neolithic and were maintained by the predynastic period.[8][9] A study by Krings et al. (1999) on mitochondrial DNA clines along the Nile Valley found that a Eurasian cline runs from Northern Egypt to Southern Sudan and a Sub-Saharan cline from Southern Sudan to Northern Egypt.[10] [b]Luis et al. (2004) found that the male haplogroups in a sample of 147 Egyptians were E1b1b (36.1%, predominantly E-M78), J (32.0%), G (8.8%), T(8.2%), and R (7.5%).[/b] E1b1b and its subclades are characteristic of some Afro-Asiatic speakers and are believed to have originated in either the Middle East, North Africa, or the Horn of Africa. Cruciani et al. (2007) suggests that E-M78, E1b1b predominant subclade in Egypt, originated in "Northeastern Africa", which in the study refers specifically to Egypt and Libya[11][12] Other studies have shown that modern Egyptians have genetic affinities primarily with populations of Asia, North and Northeast Africa,[13][14][15][8] and to a lesser extent Middle Eastern and European populations.[16] Some genetic studies done on modern Egyptians suggest a more distant relationship to Sub Saharan Africans.[17] and a closer link to other North Africans.[15] In addition, some studies suggest lesser ties with populations in the Middle East, as well as some groups in southern Europe.[8] A 2004 mtDNA study of upper Egyptians from Gurna found a genetic ancestral heritage to modern Northeast Africans, characterized by a high M1 haplotype frequency and a comparatively low L1 and L2 macrohaplogroup frequency of 20.6%. Another study links Egyptians in general with people from modern Eritrea and Ethiopia.[14][18] Though there has been much debate of the origins of haplogroup M1 a recent 2007 study had concluded that M1 has West Asia origins not a Sub Saharan African origin[19] Origin A 2003 Y chromosome study was performed by Lucotte on modern Egyptians, with haplotypes V, XI, and IV being most common. Haplotype V is common in Berbers and has a low frequency outside North Africa. Haplotypes V, XI, and IV are all predominantly North African/Horn of African haplotypes, and they are far more dominant in Egyptians than in Middle Eastern or European groups. Autosomal DNA[edit] On 13 January 2012, an exhaustive genetic study of North Africa's human populations was published.[25] The researchers analyzed around 800,000 genetic markers, distributed throughout the entire genome in 125 North African individuals belonging to seven representative populations in the whole region (Saharawi, South Moroccans, North Moroccans, Algerians, Tunisians Berbers, Libyans and Egyptians) and the information obtained was compared with the information from the neighbouring populations. The results of this study show that there is a native genetic component ("Maghrebi") which defines North Africans. The study identified mainly two distinct, opposite gradients of ancestry: an east-to-west increase of this native North African ancestry and an east-to-west decrease in likely Middle Eastern Arab ancestry. The study also reveals that the genetic composition of North Africa's human populations is very complex and is the result of five distinct ancestries : a local component (Maghrebi) dating back thirteen thousand years and the varied genetic influence of neighbouring populations on North African groups during successive migrations (European, Middle Eastern, eastern and western Sub-Saharan Africa). According to the authors, the people inhabiting North Africa today are not descendants of either the earliest occupants of this region fifty thousand years ago, or descendants of the most recent Neolithic populations. The data shows that the ancestors of today's North Africans were a group of populations which already lived in the region around thirteen thousand years ago. Furthermore, this local North African genetic component is very different from the one found in the populations in the south of the Sahara, which shows that the ancestors of today's North Africans were members of a subgroup of humanity who left Africa to conquer the rest of the world and who subsequently returned to the north of the continent to settle in the region. As well as this local component, North African populations were also observed to share genetic markers with all the neighbouring regions, as a result of more recent migrations, although these appear in different proportions. There is an influence from the Middle East, which becomes less marked as the distance from the Arabian Peninsula increases, similar proportions of European influence in all North African populations, and, in some populations (South Moroccans, Saharawi...), there are even individuals who present a large proportion of recent influence from the South of the Sahara in their genome. Admixture analysis Recent genetic analysis of North African populations have found that, despite the complex admixture genetic background, there is an autochthonous genomic component which is likely derived from "back-to-Africa" gene flow older than 12,000 years ago (ya) (i.e., prior to the Neolithic migrations). This local population substratum seems to represent a genetic discontinuity with the earliest modern human settlers of North Africa (those with the Aterian industry) given the estimated ancestry is younger than 40,000 years ago. North Morocco, Libya and Egypt carry high proportions of European and Middle Eastern ancestral components, whereas Tunisian Berbers and Saharawi are those populations with highest autochthonous North African component.[26] Copts According to Y-DNA analysis by Hassan et al. (2008), around 45% of Copts in Sudan carry the haplogroup J. The remainder mainly belong to the E1b1b clade (21%). Both paternal lineages are common among other local Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations (Beja, Ethiopians, Sudanese Arabs), as well as many Nubians.[27] E1b1b/E3b reaches its highest frequencies among Berbers and Somalis.[28] The next most common haplogroups borne by Copts are the Western European-linked R1b clade (15%), as well as the archaic African B lineage (15%).[27] Maternally, Hassan (2009) found that Copts in Sudan exclusively carry various descendants of the macrohaplogroup N. This mtDNA clade is likewise closely associated with local Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations, including Berbers and Ethiopic peoples. Of the N derivatives borne by Copts, U6 is most frequent (28%), followed by the haplogroup T (17%).[29] A 2015 study by Dobon et al. identified an ancestral autosomal component of West Eurasian origin that is common to many modern Afroasiatic-speaking populations in Northeast Africa. Known as the Coptic component, it peaks among Egyptian Copts who settled in Sudan over the past two centuries. Copts also formed a separated group in PCA, a close outlier to other Egyptians, Afro-Asiatic-speaking Northeast Africans and Middle East populations. The Coptic component evolved out of a main Northeast African and Middle Eastern ancestral component that is shared by other Egyptians and also found at high frequencies among other Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in Northeast Africa (~70%). The scientists suggest that this points to a common origin for the general population of Egypt. They also associate the Coptic component with Ancient Egyptian ancestry, without the later Arabian influence that is present among other Egyptians [/QUOTE] [QUOTE]Originally posted by Oshun: [qb] I don't mean to sound rude but I'm not really sure how this answers the question. What do they provide that explains what genetically is a "Jew" or a "North African" etc? [/qb][/QUOTE]E1b1b 36.1% A 2004 mtDNA study of upper Egyptians from Gurna found a genetic ancestral heritage to modern Northeast Africans, characterized by a high M1 haplotype frequency and a comparatively low L1 and L2 macrohaplogroup frequency of 20.6%. There is a debate concerning geographical origins of Haplogroup M and its sibling haplogroup N. Both lineages are thought to have been the main surviving lineages involved in the out of Africa migration (or migrations) because all indigenous lineages found outside Africa belong to haplogroup M or haplogroup N. Yet to be conclusively determined is whether the mutations that define haplogroups M and N occurred in Africa before the exit from Africa or in Asia after the exit from Africa. Determining the origins of haplogroup M is further complicated by the fact that it is found in Africa and outside of Africa. ____________________________________ YDNA E1b1b is characteristically North African. Mt DNA M1 is at high frequencies in the Ethiopia and Egypt [QUOTE] The distributions of U6 and M1 suggest that they are relevant components of North African populations, with the former being comparatively more represented among northwestern African people and the latter in northeastern Africans [/QUOTE] [QUOTE] In this article, we report an analysis of mtDNA di- versity in a sedentary Egyptian population: the Gurna population. We have studied the mtDNA of 34 individ- uals, using PCR, sequencing and RFLP analysis. With a frequency of 17.6% for M1 haplogroup, the Gurna population shows a high similarity to the Ethiopian population. -- Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Diversity in a Sedentary Population from Egypt A. Stevanovitch1,∗2002 [/QUOTE]However this older Nat Geo page which is still up on their website (why?) lists Egyptians 65% "Mediterranean" https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/reference-populations/ [IMG]https://i.imgbox.com/AJxiwLFS.jpg[/IMG] [IMG]https://i.imgbox.com/E5D8ZNMl.png[/IMG] [/QB][/QUOTE]
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